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perf(models): load three GLiClass models with bucketed CUDA graphs - #372

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@svonava svonava commented Sep 25, 2026 •

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Summary

This changes scores. gliclass-base-v1.0, gliclass-large-v1.0 and opir-multitask-large-v1.0 now load with adapter_options.loadtime.cuda_graphs: bucketed (#367). On CUDA, their forwards replay as CUDA graphs over sequence lengths padded to buckets. Their probabilities can differ from eager execution:

Model Largest change
gliclass-base-v1.0 0.0049
gliclass-large-v1.0 0.0056
opir-multitask-large-v1.0 0.0144

The top label was unchanged in all 11,538 answers per model on the evaluated sets. Usage and billing do not change.

Revert: to run one of these models eagerly again, set cuda_graphs: off in its profile (quoted or not). A single request can send options={"cuda_graphs": "off"}.

Unchanged: every other GLiClass model stays eager.

  • gliclass-large-v3.0 stays eager.
  • So do the other DeBERTa-v3 models that changed a near-tie top label.
  • So do the mDeBERTa models, and the ModernBERT models, where graphs do not apply.

Why these three

The rule: enable a DeBERTa-v3 model only if bucketed changes no top label and moves no probability by more than 0.02 against eager main. I checked each model's encoder in its config at the pinned revision.

Evaluated sets.

  • Inputs: the 384 CVE descriptions from examples/typed-decisions, three questions each, asked three ways: one at a time (flat), as separate label groups, and as joint label groups. Plus the 65-document long-text set (1.4 KB to 1 MB).
  • Repeats: each input was sent three times, so graphs are recorded and then replayed; long documents twice. That makes 11,538 answers per model.
  • Setup: NVIDIA L4, fp16, main's eager adapter (71b395f) and feat(server): replay GLiClass forwards as CUDA graphs #367 in the same process.

Each cell is max |Δp| (top labels changed):

Model Encoder Flat Separate Joint Long flat Long separate Long joint Top labels changed Result
gliclass-small-v1.0 DeBERTa-v3-small 0.0039 (0) 0.0039 (3) 0.0034 (0) 0.0022 (0) 0.0020 (0) 0.0013 (0) 3 eager
gliclass-base-v1.0 DeBERTa-v3-base 0.0049 (0) 0.0044 (0) 0.0048 (0) 0.0020 (0) 0.0029 (0) 0.0005 (0) 0 bucketed
gliclass-large-v1.0 DeBERTa-v3-large 0.0049 (0) 0.0056 (0) 0.0040 (0) 0.0015 (0) 0.0029 (0) 0.0005 (0) 0 bucketed
gliclass-base-v3.0 DeBERTa-v3-base 0.0054 (0) 0.0049 (0) 0.0036 (3) 0.0020 (0) 0.0010 (0) 0.0011 (0) 3 eager
gliclass-large-v3.0 DeBERTa-v3-large 0.0093 (0) 0.0063 (0) 0.0056 (3) 0.0032 (0) 0.0009 (0) 0.0029 (0) 3 eager
gliclass-instruct-base-v1.0 DeBERTa-v3-base 0.0063 (0) 0.0076 (3) 0.0046 (9) 0.0012 (0) 0.0027 (0) 0.0009 (0) 12 eager
gliclass-instruct-large-v1.0 DeBERTa-v3-large 0.0088 (12) 0.0098 (3) 0.0050 (3) 0.0020 (0) 0.0015 (0) 0.0023 (0) 18 eager
opir-multitask-large-v1.0 DeBERTa-v3-large, 1,024-token window 0.0144 (0) 0.0127 (0) 0.0067 (0) 0.0024 (0) 0.0020 (0) 0.0031 (0) 0 bucketed
  • Flips come in threes because each input was sent three times: gliclass-small-v1.0, gliclass-base-v3.0 and gliclass-large-v3.0 each have one near-tie input whose top label changes.

  • Usage matched eager main in every call for every model.

  • The table was measured on an earlier revision of feat(server): replay GLiClass forwards as CUDA graphs #367 (149e7a6). I measured the three enabled models again on feat(server): replay GLiClass forwards as CUDA graphs #367 at 395be4c, with this branch's profiles, and got the same maxima and no top-label change. feat(server): replay GLiClass forwards as CUDA graphs #367's later commits change only error handling and validation.

  • Excluded without a new measurement:

    • gliclass-multilang-mini and opir-multitask-multilang-v1.0 use mDeBERTa. gliclass-multilang-mini moved up to 0.023 and changed 3 of 900 top labels in feat(server): replay GLiClass forwards as CUDA graphs #367's measurements.
    • The edge models, gliclass-multilang-edge and the Opir edge models use ModernBERT, where graphs do not apply.
  • examples/typed-decisions runs gliclass-large-v1.0 through a server, so a re-run against these profiles gets bucketed scores. Top labels matched on its inputs. I did not re-check its prior-weighted decision rules, which can turn on smaller score differences than a top-label change.

Speed

Measured in-process on one L4, in a container with 10 vCPUs. Median / p90, ms, over 384 records, including the first pass, which records every graph:

Model Flat call, eager → graphs 3-call flat record One-call separate-groups record
gliclass-base-v1.0 17.7 / 19.0 → 3.2 / 4.7 53.7 / 56.4 → 10.6 / 12.5 21.2 / 23.0 → 8.9 / 11.3
gliclass-large-v1.0 32.5 / 34.5 → 8.4 / 11.1 98.0 / 102.4 → 26.1 / 30.7 36.2 / 38.9 → 20.9 / 25.7
opir-multitask-large-v1.0 32.2 / 34.3 → 8.7 / 11.4 97.2 / 102.4 → 26.7 / 30.7 35.7 / 37.6 → 20.3 / 25.5

Through the server, mise run serve -m knowledgator/gliclass-large-v1.0 with the shipped profile, 40 records over SIEClient:

  • a flat call took 15.6 ms median, against 42.3 ms with the profile set to cuda_graphs: off;
  • a request with cuda_graphs: "off" ran eagerly, and one with "bucketed" got a 400.

Memory

Model Graphs for this workload Graph pool Recording stream Relative-position tables
gliclass-base-v1.0 39 146 MB 34 MB 10 MB
gliclass-large-v1.0 39 232 MB 60 MB 10 MB
opir-multitask-large-v1.0 23 216 MB 62 MB 6 MB

The driver also keeps a copy of each graph: about 8 MB for a DeBERTa-large forward.

  • All three loaded on one L4 in one process: device memory in use after the workload was about 1.4 GB higher than with graphs off (3,984 MB against 2,524 MB).
  • Worst case: each model's graphs are capped at 4% of device memory, so about 900 MB each on an L4 and about 2.7 GB for the three. The cap can be exceeded by one recording; the largest gliclass-large-v1.0 graph takes about 330 MB.
  • Loading adds no time. Graphs are recorded as traffic needs them, and the call that records one takes a little over two eager forwards.
  • Graph memory is not attributed to a model, so under memory pressure the server evicts whole models first. Release GLiClass CUDA graph memory under memory pressure before evicting models #370 tracks releasing graph memory before evicting models.

Tests

  • test_shipped_profiles_enable_bucketed_graphs_only_where_measured pins the set of shipped GLiClass profiles that enable graphs. It also checks that those profiles build adapters in bucketed mode that still accept a per-request off.
  • The README's table of measurements gains the shipped default per model. The SDK README says which models load with graphs.
  • Local: mise run lint and mise run typecheck pass. mise run test: 8,251 passed, 256 skipped.
  • On the L4, the GLiClass GPU and CPU test files pass with this branch's profiles: 165 passed.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

Summary by CodeRabbit

  • New Features

    • gliclass-base-v1.0, gliclass-large-v1.0, and opir-multitask-large-v1.0 now use bucketed CUDA graphs by default. Each can still be run with eager execution.
  • Documentation

    • Updated CUDA-graph guidance with test results showing probability differences of up to 0.0144 from eager execution, with no changes to top-label predictions. The documentation also clarifies which models ship with bucketed graphs and that other models ship with CUDA graphs off.

gliclass-base-v1.0, gliclass-large-v1.0 and opir-multitask-large-v1.0 now
load with adapter_options.loadtime.cuda_graphs: bucketed. On CUDA their
forwards replay as CUDA graphs over sequence lengths padded to buckets.

This changes their scores. Probabilities can differ from eager execution by
up to 0.0049 (gliclass-base-v1.0), 0.0056 (gliclass-large-v1.0) and 0.0144
(opir-multitask-large-v1.0). The top label was unchanged in all 11,538
answers per model:
- 384 CVE descriptions from examples/typed-decisions, three questions each,
  asked one at a time, as separate groups and as joint groups;
- 65 long documents;
- each input sent three times, long documents twice.
Usage and billing do not change.

On an L4, median latency of one call, eager -> graphs:

| Model | flat call | separate-groups call |
|---|---|---|
| gliclass-base-v1.0 | 17.7 -> 3.2 ms | 21.2 -> 8.9 ms |
| gliclass-large-v1.0 | 32.5 -> 8.4 ms | 36.2 -> 20.9 ms |
| opir-multitask-large-v1.0 | 32.2 -> 8.7 ms | 35.7 -> 20.3 ms |

The three models' graphs held about 1.4 GB together on one L4. Each model's
graphs are capped at 4% of device memory, so about 2.7 GB for the three at
most.

To revert a model to eager execution, set cuda_graphs: off in its profile
(quoted or not). A request can also send options={"cuda_graphs": "off"}.

The other DeBERTa-v3 GLiClass models stay eager: gliclass-small-v1.0,
gliclass-base-v3.0, gliclass-large-v3.0 and the instruct models each changed
a near-tie top label on the same inputs. So do the mDeBERTa and ModernBERT
models.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
@svonava
svonava requested a review from a team as a code owner September 25, 2026 09:24
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📝 Walkthrough

Walkthrough

Three model profiles now enable bucketed CUDA graphs by default. Documentation reports comparisons with eager execution and describes eager opt-out. A test checks the shipped profile settings and opt-out.

Changes

CUDA graph defaults

Layer / File(s) Summary
Set and verify shipped profile defaults
packages/sie_server/models/knowledgator__*.yaml, packages/sie_server/tests/adapters/test_gliclass_cuda_graphs.py, packages/sie_server/README.md, packages/sie_sdk/README.md
Three model profiles set cuda_graphs to bucketed. The test checks those defaults and verifies that requests can use off. The READMEs document the shipped profiles, eager execution, and observed probability differences.

Suggested reviewers: mamayer19

Priority: ➖ Normal

Merge Risk: ⚪ Minimal · up to 6657c

The three profiles enable bucketed graphs, requests can opt out, and both READMEs report the same probability bound. No concrete issue remains that should block merging.

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Title check ✅ Passed The title clearly and concisely describes the main change: enabling bucketed CUDA graphs for three GLiClass models.
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Actionable comments posted: 1


  • 🪄 Fix CodeRabbit comments on this PR
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Inline comments:
In `@packages/sie_server/README.md`:
- Line 113: Update the `opir-multitask-large-v1.0` probability bound to include
the measured maximum, using `0.0144` or rounding upward to `0.015`. In
`packages/sie_server/README.md` lines 113-113 and `packages/sie_sdk/README.md`
lines 157-158, apply the same corrected bound.

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Comment thread packages/sie_server/README.md Outdated
The README table rounded each model's largest probability change to three
decimals, so 0.0144 on opir-multitask-large-v1.0 read as 0.014 and was no
longer an upper bound. Both READMEs now give the measured values.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
@svonava
svonava merged commit a3a6429 into main Sep 25, 2026
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@svonava
svonava deleted the gliclass-bucketed-defaults branch September 25, 2026 09:48
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