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fix(server): split GLiNER2 documents in linear time - #371

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gliner2-linear-split
Sep 25, 2026
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svonava merged 2 commits into
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gliner2-linear-split

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@svonava svonava commented Sep 25, 2026 •

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Summary

The GLiNER2 adapter (fastino/gliner2-base-v1, gliner2-large-v1, and GLiGuard through the classification adapter) could spend hours on one extract item. This change makes the same requests take milliseconds, with outputs unchanged.

The problem

gliner2 splits a document into words with one regex: URL | e-mail | mention | word | any other character. The e-mail alternative ([a-z0-9._%+-]+@…) is tried at every word. Before failing on the missing @, it scans the whole run of e-mail characters ahead of the word. So a run such as "...." or "a.a.a." costs time quadratic in its length.

gliner2 1.x also splits the whole document before keeping its first max_len words. It runs on the model's single inference thread, so every request on that worker waits.

Before (gliner2 1.3.2, the package's own preprocessing as extract_entities / classify_text run it; no encoder)

Text Preprocessing per request
16 KiB of "." 1.4 s
32 KiB of "." 5.5 s
64 KiB of ".", "a.", or prose followed by dots 17–20 s
2 MiB of "." (the item size limit) extrapolates to hours; I stopped it after 15 min
2 MiB of prose 0.4 s, plus 1.1 s metering (whole-text tokenization)

The fix

  • words.py: a linear-time equivalent of gliner2's splitter.
    • It tries the same alternatives in the same order. It decides the e-mail alternative without rescanning: a local part can only end at the first non-e-mail character after the word start, so each run of e-mail characters is scanned once, and the domain after an @ is matched once.
    • It yields exactly the package's words, including gliner2 1.x's lowercase-then-split behavior and 2.x's split-then-lowercase.
    • The adapter swaps it into the processor at load. It refuses to load a gliner2 whose splitter it has no equivalent for.
  • Prefix: gliner2 still walks every word in Python, so the adapter hands it only the prefix ending where the last of the max_len words it reads ends. No word crosses that point, so gliner2 reads the same words at the same offsets.
    • gliner2 1.x splits the lowercased text and indexes the original with those offsets, so the cut is at the lowercased offset.
    • A prefix whose lowercase doesn't start the lowercased text (a final sigma at the cut) isn't used. That case falls back to the whole text, still linear.
    • The prefix keeps the whitespace after the last word. gliner2 ends a text with ., which a URL word would otherwise absorb.
  • Metering: tokenize growing prefixes cut just before a space, and stop once one fills the window. These Unigram/Metaspace tokenizers split pre-tokens at spaces, so the count is the one the whole text gives. A prefix without a space must fill the window with 64 tokens to spare.

After

The same path through GLiNER2Adapter.extract: real gliner2 1.3.2 processor, real gliner2-base-v1 tokenizer, encoder stubbed, metering included.

Text Entities Classification
64 KiB of "." 4 ms 4 ms
2 MiB of "." 25 ms 19 ms
2 MiB of "a." 19 ms 19 ms
2 MiB of prose 5 ms 4 ms
2 MiB of "%" then "@x" 18 ms 19 ms
"İstanbul " + 2 MiB of "." (the lowercase-length fallback) 28 ms 29 ms

Billed tokens are unchanged (512 for each).

Output parity

GPU (L4), fixed inputs: this branch's adapter vs main's adapter, compared as whole ExtractOutputs (entities with offsets, classifications, relations, structured data, errors, input_token_counts).

  • gliner2-base-v1 and large-v1 (default bundle, gliner2 1.3.2, transformers 4.57.6): 18 cases, 0 differences. The cases cover NER (single, batch, threshold 0.2), single- and multi-label classification, relations, structured extraction, and 13 texts. Seven of them are longer than the window: a 2,500-word text, CJK, Turkish with İ, e-mails and URLs, 3,000 dots, a 1,200-word list, and a text whose 512th word is a URL.
  • GLiGuard (transformers5 bundle): 3 cases, 0 differences, on gliner2 1.3.2 and also on 2.0.0.

Tests

  • test_gliner2_words.py: the splitter is compared with the package regex, verbatim copies of gliner2 1.3.2's and 2.0.0's splitters, and the installed gliner2's splitter. It runs on a corpus of normal and edge texts (URLs, e-mails, mentions, CJK, İ, final sigma, Kelvin sign, no-break and zero-width spaces), 20,000 fuzzed texts, and timed pathological texts.
  • test_gliner2_long_text.py:
    • gliner2's real processor with a stand-in tokenizer gives identical input ids, words, and offsets for the prefix and the whole text, under both gliner2 splitting behaviors;
    • metering matches whole-text tokenization;
    • timed 2 MiB ".", "a.", prose and "%…@x" items through the entity and classification paths, for both adapters, finish in well under a second.
  • test_gliner2.py: the load test now checks the splitter swap.

Related

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

Summary by CodeRabbit

  • Bug Fixes
    • Improved processing of long text by limiting inputs to the model’s supported sequence length, helping avoid slowdowns on unusually large or complex inputs.
    • Improved input-token estimates for both short and long text.
    • Fixed URL handling at truncation boundaries to avoid adding an extra period.
    • Model loading now reports an error when a compatible word-splitting method is unavailable.

gliner2's word-splitting regex tries its e-mail alternative at every word,
and that alternative scans the whole run of e-mail characters ahead before
failing, so a run such as "...." or "a.a.a." costs time quadratic in its
length. gliner2 splits the whole document before keeping its first
max_len words: 64 KiB of "." took 17 seconds per request in the
gliner2-base/large and GLiGuard adapters, and a 2 MiB item would take
hours, on the thread that serves every request.

Swap the processor's splitter for a linear-time equivalent that tries the
same alternatives in the same order but scans each run of e-mail
characters once. It yields exactly the package's words, checked against
the installed gliner2 and verbatim copies of its 1.x and 2.x splitters on
a corpus and fuzzed texts; the adapter refuses to load a gliner2 whose
splitter it has no equivalent for.

gliner2 still walks every word of a text in Python, so hand it only the
prefix ending where the last of the max_len words it reads ends: it then
reads the same words at the same offsets. gliner2 1.x splits the
lowercased text and indexes the original with those offsets, so the cut
is at the lowercased offset, and a prefix whose lowercase does not start
the lowercased text (a final sigma at the cut) is not used. Metering tokenized whole texts, about a
second for 2 MiB; tokenize growing prefixes cut before a space instead
and stop once one fills the window (a prefix without a space must fill it
with 64 tokens to spare), so counts are unchanged.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
@svonava
svonava requested a review from a team as a code owner September 25, 2026 08:57
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📝 Walkthrough

Walkthrough

The GLiNER2 adapter installs a verified linear-time equivalent of the model’s word splitter. It prepares model inputs up to the configured word limit and meters short and long documents through separate token-counting paths.

Changes

GLiNER2 input handling

Layer / File(s) Summary
Linear-time splitter and compatibility checks
packages/sie_server/src/sie_server/adapters/gliner2/words.py, packages/sie_server/tests/adapters/test_gliner2_words.py
Adds a linear-time word-span scanner and splitter compatibility checks. Tests compare outputs with GLiNER2 splitter implementations and exercise large inputs.
Splitter installation and model input prefixes
packages/sie_server/src/sie_server/adapters/gliner2/adapter.py, packages/sie_server/tests/adapters/test_gliner2.py, packages/sie_server/tests/adapters/test_gliner2_long_text.py
Adapter loading replaces a compatible splitter and raises RuntimeError when no equivalent is available. Extraction paths pass text truncated at the configured word limit, retaining following whitespace at applicable cutoffs. Tests compare processor inputs for generated prefixes.
Long-document token metering
packages/sie_server/src/sie_server/adapters/gliner2/adapter.py, packages/sie_server/tests/adapters/test_gliner2_long_text.py
Short inputs are metered in batches. Long inputs use progressively larger prefixes, with tests for token counts and pathological-document timing.

Sequence Diagram(s)

sequenceDiagram
  participant GLiNER2Adapter
  participant linear_equivalent
  participant GLiNER2Processor
  participant LinearWordSplitter
  participant GLiNER2Model
  GLiNER2Adapter->>linear_equivalent: verify loaded word splitter
  linear_equivalent-->>GLiNER2Adapter: return compatible splitter
  GLiNER2Adapter->>GLiNER2Processor: install LinearWordSplitter
  GLiNER2Adapter->>LinearWordSplitter: find words up to max_seq_length
  LinearWordSplitter-->>GLiNER2Adapter: return word spans
  GLiNER2Adapter->>GLiNER2Model: submit prepared text
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Suggested reviewers: dragosboca

Priority: ⬇️ Low

Merge Risk: ⚪ Minimal · up to 35e26

The optimized paths preserve the checked model-input and token-count behavior; no actionable merge-blocking risk is established.

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Description Check ✅ Passed Check skipped - CodeRabbit’s high-level summary is enabled.
Title check ✅ Passed The title clearly and concisely describes the main change: replacing GLiNER2 document splitting with a linear-time implementation.
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Actionable comments posted: 1


  • 🪄 Fix CodeRabbit comments on this PR
🤖 Prompt to fix review comments
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Inline comments:
In `@packages/sie_server/src/sie_server/adapters/gliner2/adapter.py`:
- Line 684: Update the truncation logic that assigns `prefix` so it retains the
whitespace separator after the final retained word when the cutoff follows a
URL, preserving the model input without an added period; add a processor-input
regression case for `http://example.com rest` with a one-word limit.

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📒 Files selected for processing (5)
  • packages/sie_server/src/sie_server/adapters/gliner2/adapter.py
  • packages/sie_server/src/sie_server/adapters/gliner2/words.py
  • packages/sie_server/tests/adapters/test_gliner2.py
  • packages/sie_server/tests/adapters/test_gliner2_long_text.py
  • packages/sie_server/tests/adapters/test_gliner2_words.py

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Comment thread packages/sie_server/src/sie_server/adapters/gliner2/adapter.py
gliner2 ends a text without a sentence end with ".", and a URL word runs
to the next whitespace, so a prefix ending right after a URL gave the URL
that period. Keep the whitespace after the last word in the prefix, so
gliner2 reads the same words as from the whole text.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
@svonava
svonava merged commit 359c4f0 into main Sep 25, 2026
21 checks passed
@svonava
svonava deleted the gliner2-linear-split branch September 25, 2026 15:23
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