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A secant and a tangent in one sum below the bar are integrated in the half angle - #1855

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a-secant-and-a-tangent-over-their-shared-factors
Oct 12, 2026
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Rafael-SOWNet merged 3 commits into
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a-secant-and-a-tangent-over-their-shared-factors

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Part of #718.

1/(a + c sec(x) + b tan(x)) and 1/(a + b cot(x) + c csc(x)), Rubi's 4.7.7, were declined. Combined over the cosine, the half-angle tangent t gives a denominator with 1 + t^2 and 1 - t^2 in every term, and it was read as a quartic with a symbol in every coefficient. The half angle now takes the factors with t in them that every term of a sum shares (inner sums first) out of that sum. The numerator then cancels them, and what is left is a quadratic beside 1 + t^2. A bare t shared by every term is left alone, because the partial fractions find that root on their own.

Measured on master b3805f8:

Input 2.5.0 master this branch
1/(a + c*sec(x) + b*tan(x)) declined declined after 7.2 s 2,211 characters
1/(a + b*cot(x) + c*csc(x)) declined declined 2,738 characters
1/(a + c*sec(2*x + 1) + b*tan(2*x + 1)) declined past 290 s 2,890 characters

Corpus, every family against master b3805f8: 2 moves, 4.7.7:569 and 4.7.7:584, both from unsolved to solved. 0 wrong. The allocation gate passes, and the suite passes 15,248.

The new ASecantAndATangentInOneSumIntegralTest checks four rows numerically at pinned constants, with a bound of 4,000 characters.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

https://claude.ai/code/session_012sonx8iAspMiwRwokT1Ura

Rafael-SOWNet and others added 3 commits October 11, 2026 23:41
… out of the sum

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_012sonx8iAspMiwRwokT1Ura
…ndard2.0

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_012sonx8iAspMiwRwokT1Ura
@Rafael-SOWNet Rafael-SOWNet added this to the 2.6.0 milestone Oct 12, 2026
@Rafael-SOWNet
Rafael-SOWNet merged commit 089d615 into master Oct 12, 2026
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Rafael-SOWNet deleted the a-secant-and-a-tangent-over-their-shared-factors branch October 12, 2026 02:43
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