diff --git a/ARCHITECTURE.md b/ARCHITECTURE.md
index fe0e8ec41..08a450ad5 100644
--- a/ARCHITECTURE.md
+++ b/ARCHITECTURE.md
@@ -154,6 +154,13 @@ and converts transport/decode errors to a typed `Failure`
 UI. `strict-casts`/`strict-raw-types` are on. Run `build_runner` after model
 changes; add a `fromJson` round-trip test.
 
+A list that is still true when old (past reports, event history) may opt into
+**stale-if-error**: its data source calls `getOrSaved` (an `ApiClient`
+extension in `core/network/stale_if_error.dart`), and when every region host
+fails the ETag cache's last body comes back as an `Ok` with `stale` set — why,
+and since when the server last vouched for it. Never for an alert feed, and
+never shown without that marker: `AsyncView` and `FreshnessBanner` render it.
+
 ## Realtime feeds
 
 live feeds (EEW now, RTS later) flow through
@@ -220,9 +227,10 @@ resume). Read corrected time anywhere via the global `AppTime` facade
 render async/realtime state through the shared
 views in `shared/widgets/`, never a hand-rolled `FutureBuilder`/`Consumer` that
 drops the error or stale case into a blank screen. `AsyncView<T>` maps a
-one-shot `Future<Result<T>>` to loading/data/empty/error (with retry);
+one-shot `Future<Result<T>>` to loading/data/empty/error (with retry), and a
+saved copy (`Ok.stale`) to data under a `FreshnessBanner` with its age;
 `RealtimeView<T>` maps a `RealtimeState<T>`, adding connecting/stale/offline and
-a freshness banner so aged safety data is never shown as current. Building
+the same banner so aged safety data is never shown as current. Building
 blocks: `LoadingView` / `ErrorView` / `EmptyView`. Template consumer:
 `features/earthquake/presentation/pages/earthquake_page.dart`.
 
diff --git a/lib/app/router/app_router.dart b/lib/app/router/app_router.dart
index 7ddc969d1..2fa4a740b 100644
--- a/lib/app/router/app_router.dart
+++ b/lib/app/router/app_router.dart
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import 'package:dpip/app/shell/main_shell.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/app/router/route_params.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/app/router/widget_location_routes.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/settings/onboarding_store.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/features/data/presentation/pages/data_page.dart';
@@ -119,17 +120,20 @@ final GoRouter appRouter = GoRouter(
                     GoRoute(
                       path: AppRoutes.earthquakeReportPath,
                       name: AppRoutes.earthquakeReport,
+                      redirect: reportRedirect,
                       builder: (_, state) => ReportDetailPage(
-                        reportId: state.pathParameters['id']!,
+                        reportId: state.pathParameters['id'] ?? '',
                       ),
                       routes: [
                         GoRoute(
                           path: AppRoutes.earthquakeReplayPath,
                           name: AppRoutes.earthquakeReplay,
+                          redirect: replayRedirect,
                           builder: (_, state) => ReportReplayPage(
-                            replayTimestamp: int.parse(
-                              state.uri.queryParameters['t']!,
-                            ),
+                            // [replayRedirect] has already turned a link
+                            // without a usable `t` away; this only keeps the
+                            // builder total.
+                            replayTimestamp: replayTimestampOf(state) ?? 0,
                           ),
                         ),
                       ],
@@ -269,8 +273,9 @@ final GoRouter appRouter = GoRouter(
         GoRoute(
           path: AppRoutes.regionSelectCityPath,
           name: AppRoutes.regionSelectCity,
+          redirect: regionCityRedirect,
           builder: (_, state) => RegionCityPage(
-            city: state.pathParameters['city']!,
+            city: state.pathParameters['city'] ?? '',
             replaceCode: state.uri.queryParameters['replace'],
             returnToMore: state.uri.queryParameters['returnToMore'] == '1',
           ),
@@ -312,8 +317,8 @@ final GoRouter appRouter = GoRouter(
         GoRoute(
           path: AppRoutes.bugThreadPath,
           name: AppRoutes.bugThread,
-          builder: (_, state) =>
-              BugThreadPage(id: int.tryParse(state.pathParameters['id']!) ?? 0),
+          redirect: bugThreadRedirect,
+          builder: (_, state) => BugThreadPage(id: bugThreadIdOf(state) ?? 0),
         ),
       ],
     ),
diff --git a/lib/app/router/route_params.dart b/lib/app/router/route_params.dart
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5e059aa3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/app/router/route_params.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/// Route parameters read the way a link from outside the app has to be read:
+/// as untrusted text that may be missing, empty or not a number.
+///
+/// A route builder is not a place to throw. Every route here can be reached by
+/// a deep link, a notification payload or a URL typed by hand, and a builder
+/// that `int.parse`s a query parameter turns a malformed one into a red error
+/// screen (or, in release, a grey one) with no way back but the system back
+/// gesture. So each parameterised route validates in a route-level `redirect`
+/// — which sends a link that cannot be honoured to the nearest page that can
+/// — and its builder reads the same parameter through the same non-throwing
+/// parser, so it stays total even when called directly.
+library;
+
+import 'package:dpip/shared/navigation/app_routes.dart';
+import 'package:flutter/widgets.dart';
+import 'package:go_router/go_router.dart';
+
+/// [raw] as a positive integer, or null when it is missing, blank, not an
+/// integer, or zero / negative. Surrounding whitespace is ignored.
+int? positiveIntParam(String? raw) {
+  final value = int.tryParse(raw?.trim() ?? '');
+  return value != null && value > 0 ? value : null;
+}
+
+/// [raw] when it holds something other than whitespace, else null.
+String? nonBlankParam(String? raw) =>
+    raw == null || raw.trim().isEmpty ? null : raw;
+
+/// The replay start instant (`?t=`, Unix ms) of an
+/// [AppRoutes.earthquakeReplay] location, or null when it cannot be replayed.
+int? replayTimestampOf(GoRouterState state) =>
+    positiveIntParam(state.uri.queryParameters['t']);
+
+/// The tracker thread id (`:id`) of an [AppRoutes.bugThread] location.
+int? bugThreadIdOf(GoRouterState state) =>
+    positiveIntParam(state.pathParameters['id']);
+
+/// A replay without a usable start instant opens the report it hangs off
+/// instead — the page that has the 重播 chip, so the user is one tap from a
+/// working replay rather than on a crash screen.
+String? replayRedirect(BuildContext context, GoRouterState state) {
+  if (replayTimestampOf(state) != null) return null;
+  final id = nonBlankParam(state.pathParameters['id']);
+  return id == null
+      ? state.namedLocation(AppRoutes.earthquake)
+      : state.namedLocation(
+          AppRoutes.earthquakeReport,
+          pathParameters: {'id': id},
+        );
+}
+
+/// A report link without an id opens the catalogue.
+String? reportRedirect(BuildContext context, GoRouterState state) =>
+    nonBlankParam(state.pathParameters['id']) == null
+    ? state.namedLocation(AppRoutes.earthquake)
+    : null;
+
+/// A thread link whose id is not a thread number opens the tracker's list,
+/// rather than asking the server for thread 0.
+String? bugThreadRedirect(BuildContext context, GoRouterState state) =>
+    bugThreadIdOf(state) == null
+    ? state.namedLocation(AppRoutes.bugTracker)
+    : null;
+
+/// A city link without a city opens the city list, keeping the picker's own
+/// query parameters (`replace`, `returnToMore`) so the flow it was part of
+/// still completes.
+String? regionCityRedirect(BuildContext context, GoRouterState state) =>
+    nonBlankParam(state.pathParameters['city']) == null
+    ? state.namedLocation(
+        AppRoutes.regionSelect,
+        queryParameters: state.uri.queryParameters,
+      )
+    : null;
diff --git a/lib/core/error/result.dart b/lib/core/error/result.dart
index 7e66d2910..0f5874d60 100644
--- a/lib/core/error/result.dart
+++ b/lib/core/error/result.dart
@@ -33,19 +33,41 @@ sealed class Result<T> {
     Err(:final failure) => err(failure),
   };
 
-  /// Maps the success value, preserving a failure.
+  /// Maps the success value, preserving a failure — and a [Ok.stale] marker,
+  /// since a transformed saved copy is still a saved copy.
   Result<R> map<R>(R Function(T value) transform) => switch (this) {
-    Ok(:final value) => Ok(transform(value)),
+    Ok(:final value, :final stale) => Ok(transform(value), stale: stale),
     Err(:final failure) => Err(failure),
   };
 }
 
 /// A successful [Result] carrying [value].
+///
+/// [stale] is set when [value] is not a fresh answer: the source could not be
+/// reached, and what came back is the copy saved from the last time it could
+/// (an HTTP stale-if-error, see `StaleIfError`). Such a value is worth showing
+/// — an old list beats an error screen — but never as current, so a consumer
+/// that renders it says so (`AsyncView` and `FreshnessBanner` do).
 final class Ok<T> extends Result<T> {
-  const Ok(this.value);
+  const Ok(this.value, {this.stale});
 
   /// The success value.
   final T value;
+
+  /// Why and since when [value] is a saved copy; null when it is current.
+  final Staleness? stale;
+}
+
+/// What makes an [Ok] value a saved copy rather than a current answer.
+final class Staleness {
+  const Staleness({required this.failure, this.since});
+
+  /// Why the current answer is missing.
+  final Failure failure;
+
+  /// When the source last confirmed the copy current — server-calibrated
+  /// time, comparable with `AppTime.utc`. Null when that was not recorded.
+  final DateTime? since;
 }
 
 /// A failed [Result] carrying [failure].
@@ -55,3 +77,8 @@ final class Err<T> extends Result<T> {
   /// The failure.
   final Failure failure;
 }
+
+/// A fetched value and, when it is a saved copy rather than the source's
+/// current answer, why and since when — what a data source hands its
+/// repository so the marker can reach [Ok.stale].
+typedef Fetched<T> = ({T data, Staleness? stale});
diff --git a/lib/core/geo/place_search.dart b/lib/core/geo/place_search.dart
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..96e121113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/core/geo/place_search.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+/// Search over the township directory the way people actually type place
+/// names: `台北` for `臺北市`, a township without its city, a full-width digit
+/// from a CJK keyboard.
+library;
+
+import 'package:dpip/core/geo/town.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/core/geo/town_directory.dart';
+
+/// Folds [input] to the form both sides of a place-name match are compared in.
+///
+/// - **臺 → 台.** The directory spells every city `臺北市` / `臺中市` / `臺東縣`,
+///   while almost everyone types the everyday `台`. Without the fold `台北`
+///   matched nothing at all.
+/// - **Whitespace removed**, not just trimmed — `臺北市 中正區` is how
+///   [Town.fullName] reads, and `台北 中正` / `台北中正` are both what someone
+///   means.
+/// - **Full-width ASCII → ASCII** (U+FF01–U+FF5E, plus the ideographic space):
+///   the part of Unicode NFKC that a CJK keyboard actually produces. Dart has
+///   no normaliser built in, and the full table would fold nothing a place
+///   name here contains.
+/// - **Lower case**, for the Latin-script names a translated directory or a
+///   code search would carry.
+///
+/// Pure and total: any string in, a string out, never throws.
+String foldPlaceName(String input) {
+  final out = StringBuffer();
+  for (final rune in input.runes) {
+    final folded = switch (rune) {
+      _taiTraditional => _taiCommon,
+      _ideographicSpace => null,
+      >= _fullWidthFirst && <= _fullWidthLast => rune - _fullWidthOffset,
+      _ => rune,
+    };
+    if (folded == null || _isWhitespace(folded)) continue;
+    out.writeCharCode(folded);
+  }
+  return out.toString().toLowerCase();
+}
+
+const int _taiTraditional = 0x81FA; // 臺
+const int _taiCommon = 0x53F0; // 台
+const int _ideographicSpace = 0x3000;
+const int _fullWidthFirst = 0xFF01;
+const int _fullWidthLast = 0xFF5E;
+const int _fullWidthOffset = 0xFEE0;
+
+bool _isWhitespace(int rune) =>
+    rune == 0x20 ||
+    (rune >= 0x09 && rune <= 0x0D) ||
+    rune == 0x85 ||
+    rune == 0xA0 ||
+    rune == 0x1680 ||
+    (rune >= 0x2000 && rune <= 0x200A) ||
+    rune == 0x2028 ||
+    rune == 0x2029 ||
+    rune == 0x202F ||
+    rune == 0x205F ||
+    rune == 0xFEFF;
+
+/// One query's matches: the cities to drill into, and the townships that can
+/// be picked straight away.
+typedef PlaceSearchResult = ({List<String> cities, List<Town> towns});
+
+/// The township directory pre-folded for [search].
+///
+/// Built once per picker page, not per keystroke: folding every name is the
+/// whole cost of a search, and the directory never changes while the app runs.
+class PlaceSearchIndex {
+  PlaceSearchIndex(TownDirectory directory)
+    : this._(directory.cities, directory.all);
+
+  PlaceSearchIndex._(List<String> cities, Iterable<Town> towns)
+    : _cities = [for (final city in cities) (city, foldPlaceName(city))],
+      _towns = [
+        for (final town in towns)
+          (
+            town: town,
+            name: foldPlaceName(town.townName),
+            city: foldPlaceName(town.cityName),
+            // `台北市中正區` and `台北中正` both name this township.
+            withCity: [
+              foldPlaceName('${town.cityName}${town.townName}'),
+              foldPlaceName('${town.city}${town.town}'),
+            ],
+          ),
+      ];
+
+  final List<(String, String)> _cities;
+  final List<({Town town, String name, String city, List<String> withCity})>
+  _towns;
+
+  /// Cities whose name contains [query], and townships it names.
+  ///
+  /// A township matches on its own name (`板橋` → 新北市 板橋區, `中正` → every
+  /// 中正區), or on its name with the city in front (`台北中正`). It does **not**
+  /// match on the city part alone: `台北` is a question about the city, which
+  /// is already in [PlaceSearchResult.cities], and listing all twelve of its
+  /// districts underneath would bury every other answer.
+  ///
+  /// An empty (or all-whitespace) query matches every city and no township —
+  /// the picker's resting state.
+  PlaceSearchResult search(String query) {
+    final needle = foldPlaceName(query);
+    if (needle.isEmpty) {
+      return (cities: [for (final (city, _) in _cities) city], towns: const []);
+    }
+    return (
+      cities: [
+        for (final (city, folded) in _cities)
+          if (folded.contains(needle)) city,
+      ],
+      towns: [
+        for (final entry in _towns)
+          if (entry.name.contains(needle) ||
+              (!entry.city.contains(needle) &&
+                  entry.withCity.any((name) => name.contains(needle))))
+            entry.town,
+      ],
+    );
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lib/core/network/api_exception.dart b/lib/core/network/api_exception.dart
index 83ef63c80..ef6b97c6f 100644
--- a/lib/core/network/api_exception.dart
+++ b/lib/core/network/api_exception.dart
@@ -19,9 +19,21 @@ import 'package:dpip/core/logging/log.dart';
 Future<Result<T>> guardResult<T>(
   Future<T> Function() body, {
   bool Function(Failure failure)? shouldLog,
+}) => guardFetched(
+  () async => (data: await body(), stale: null),
+  shouldLog: shouldLog,
+);
+
+/// [guardResult] for a body that may answer with a saved copy: its
+/// [Fetched.stale] marker is carried onto the [Ok], so the repository above it
+/// cannot drop it on the way to the screen.
+Future<Result<T>> guardFetched<T>(
+  Future<Fetched<T>> Function() body, {
+  bool Function(Failure failure)? shouldLog,
 }) async {
   try {
-    return Ok(await body());
+    final fetched = await body();
+    return Ok(fetched.data, stale: fetched.stale);
   } catch (error, stackTrace) {
     // Silent failures are the worst kind: the UI shows its error state and
     // nothing else records WHY. One line per failure, here at the single
diff --git a/lib/core/network/etag_cache_store.dart b/lib/core/network/etag_cache_store.dart
index 5a2761c34..6763d19e0 100644
--- a/lib/core/network/etag_cache_store.dart
+++ b/lib/core/network/etag_cache_store.dart
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ class CachedJson {
     required this.etag,
     required this.data,
     required this.size,
+    this.fetchedAt,
   });
 
   final String etag;
@@ -56,6 +57,11 @@ class CachedJson {
 
   /// Wire bytes the original download cost — what a 304 reports as saved.
   final int size;
+
+  /// When the server last confirmed this body (a `200`, or a `304` for a
+  /// request that asked to track it) in calibrated time; null for an entry
+  /// stored before that was recorded. See [EtagCacheStore.markFetched].
+  final DateTime? fetchedAt;
 }
 
 class CachedResponse {
@@ -247,8 +253,19 @@ class EtagCacheStore {
       return;
     }
     await _createV2Schema(db);
+    // Added to v2 in place rather than by a drop: the column is optional, and
+    // throwing away a 350 MB tile cache to gain it would be a poor trade.
+    if (columns.isNotEmpty && !columns.contains(_fetchedColumn)) {
+      await db.execute(
+        'ALTER TABLE $_table ADD COLUMN $_fetchedColumn INTEGER',
+      );
+    }
   }
 
+  /// When the server last confirmed a JSON body (ms epoch, calibrated time);
+  /// NULL for binary rows and for rows written before it existed.
+  static const String _fetchedColumn = 'fetched';
+
   static Future<void> _createV2Schema(SqliteDatabase db) async {
     await db.executeMultiple(
       'CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS $_table ('
@@ -258,7 +275,8 @@ class EtagCacheStore {
       'kind INTEGER NOT NULL, '
       'body BLOB NOT NULL, '
       'size INTEGER NOT NULL, '
-      'time INTEGER NOT NULL);'
+      'time INTEGER NOT NULL, '
+      '$_fetchedColumn INTEGER);'
       'CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS ${_table}_time ON $_table(time)',
     );
   }
@@ -340,10 +358,14 @@ class EtagCacheStore {
       } else {
         data = const Utf8Decoder().fuse(const JsonDecoder()).convert(blob);
       }
+      final fetched = (row[_fetchedColumn] as num?)?.toInt();
       return CachedJson(
         etag: row['etag'] as String,
         data: data,
         size: (row['size'] as num).toInt(),
+        fetchedAt: fetched == null
+            ? null
+            : DateTime.fromMillisecondsSinceEpoch(fetched, isUtc: true),
       );
     } catch (_) {
       // A corrupt entry reads as a miss: the interceptor then rejects the
@@ -596,13 +618,32 @@ class EtagCacheStore {
     return _flushTouches();
   }
 
+  /// Records that the server has just confirmed the JSON entry for [url]
+  /// unchanged (a `304`) at [at], calibrated time. Best-effort; a miss is a
+  /// no-op.
+  ///
+  /// Separate from the LRU `time`, which a mere read bumps too: a saved copy
+  /// shown offline is labelled with how old it is, and that age runs from the
+  /// last time the server vouched for it, not from the last time anyone asked.
+  Future<void> markFetched(String url, DateTime at) async {
+    try {
+      await _db.execute(
+        'UPDATE $_table SET $_fetchedColumn = ? WHERE key = ?',
+        [at.millisecondsSinceEpoch, url],
+      );
+    } catch (_) {}
+  }
+
   /// Stores a JSON [body] for [url] under [etag]. Best-effort.
+  ///
+  /// [fetchedAt] is when the server sent it, calibrated — see [markFetched].
   Future<void> write(
     String url, {
     required String etag,
     required String body,
     String? contentType,
     int size = 0,
+    DateTime? fetchedAt,
   }) async {
     try {
       // Light gzip on a worker isolate so large JSON writes don't jank the UI
@@ -620,6 +661,7 @@ class EtagCacheStore {
         kind: kindJson,
         body: blob,
         size: size,
+        fetchedAt: fetchedAt,
       );
     } catch (_) {}
   }
@@ -698,12 +740,22 @@ class EtagCacheStore {
     required int kind,
     required Uint8List body,
     required int size,
+    DateTime? fetchedAt,
   }) async {
     await _db.execute(
       'INSERT OR REPLACE INTO $_table '
-      '(key, etag, content_type, kind, body, size, time) '
-      'VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)',
-      [url, etag, contentType, kind, body, size, _lruStamp()],
+      '(key, etag, content_type, kind, body, size, time, $_fetchedColumn) '
+      'VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)',
+      [
+        url,
+        etag,
+        contentType,
+        kind,
+        body,
+        size,
+        _lruStamp(),
+        fetchedAt?.millisecondsSinceEpoch,
+      ],
     );
     await _noteWrite(body.length, 1);
   }
@@ -851,8 +903,8 @@ class EtagCacheStore {
 
   Future<Map<String, Object?>?> _queryRow(String url) async {
     final row = await _db.getOptional(
-      'SELECT key, etag, content_type, kind, body, size FROM $_table '
-      'WHERE key = ? LIMIT 1',
+      'SELECT key, etag, content_type, kind, body, size, $_fetchedColumn '
+      'FROM $_table WHERE key = ? LIMIT 1',
       [url],
     );
     if (row == null) return null;
diff --git a/lib/core/network/etag_interceptor.dart b/lib/core/network/etag_interceptor.dart
index 819027b8e..f82cdb817 100644
--- a/lib/core/network/etag_interceptor.dart
+++ b/lib/core/network/etag_interceptor.dart
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ import 'package:dio/dio.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/network/api_paths.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/network/etag_cache_store.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/network/network_usage_store.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/core/network/stale_if_error.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/core/realtime/app_time.dart';
 import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart' show visibleForTesting;
 
 /// Dio interceptor implementing HTTP ETag revalidation against an
@@ -289,6 +291,12 @@ class EtagInterceptor extends Interceptor {
             if (usage != null) {
               unawaited(usage.record(down: 0, hit: true, saved: cached.size));
             }
+            // The server has just vouched for the copy: a stale-if-error
+            // request's offline label counts its age from here. Only those
+            // pay the write — nothing else reads it.
+            if (StaleIfError.of(options) != null) {
+              unawaited(_store.markFetched(url, AppTime.utc));
+            }
             handler.next(response);
             return;
           }
@@ -355,6 +363,7 @@ class EtagInterceptor extends Interceptor {
                 body: jsonBody!,
                 contentType: response.headers.value(Headers.contentTypeHeader),
                 size: down,
+                fetchedAt: AppTime.utc,
               ),
             );
           }
@@ -419,6 +428,22 @@ class EtagInterceptor extends Interceptor {
         return;
       }
     }
+
+    // Stale-if-error, for a GET that asked for it: offer the saved body, but
+    // let the failure through — the region client may yet reach another
+    // host, and only the caller knows when every host has failed (see
+    // [StaleIfError]).
+    final staleIfError = StaleIfError.of(options);
+    if (staleIfError != null &&
+        !_isBytes(options) &&
+        options.method.toUpperCase() == 'GET' &&
+        _cacheable(options, uri) &&
+        StaleIfError.covers(err)) {
+      final cached = await _store.readJson(uri.toString());
+      if (cached != null) {
+        staleIfError.offer((data: cached.data, fetchedAt: cached.fetchedAt));
+      }
+    }
     handler.next(err);
   }
 }
diff --git a/lib/core/network/stale_if_error.dart b/lib/core/network/stale_if_error.dart
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5ba1c2315
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/core/network/stale_if_error.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+/// HTTP stale-if-error for the GETs that may opt into it: when the network
+/// fails, answer with the body the ETag cache saved last time, marked as a
+/// saved copy — never as current.
+library;
+
+import 'package:dio/dio.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/core/error/result.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/core/logging/log.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/core/network/api_client.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/core/network/api_exception.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/core/network/api_region.dart';
+
+/// One saved body the ETag cache could fall back to.
+typedef SavedBody = ({Object? data, DateTime? fetchedAt});
+
+/// The opt-in, carried on a request's `extra`, and the slot the
+/// `EtagInterceptor` fills when that request fails.
+///
+/// Why a slot on the request rather than a cached response in its place: the
+/// region client fails over between hosts, and an interceptor answering the
+/// first host's failure with the saved copy would stop it trying a second
+/// host that is up. So the interceptor only *offers* the copy here and lets
+/// the failure run its course; only once every host has failed does
+/// [ApiClientStaleIfError.getOrSaved] take what was offered.
+///
+/// Each host has its own URL and so its own cache entry; the offer from the
+/// host that served most recently wins.
+final class StaleIfError {
+  /// The `RequestOptions.extra` key the opt-in travels under.
+  static const String extraKey = 'dpip.staleIfError';
+
+  SavedBody? _saved;
+
+  /// The best saved copy offered so far, or null.
+  SavedBody? get saved => _saved;
+
+  /// Request options carrying this opt-in.
+  Options get options => Options(extra: {extraKey: this});
+
+  /// The opt-in on [options], or null for a request that did not ask.
+  static StaleIfError? of(RequestOptions options) =>
+      switch (options.extra[extraKey]) {
+        final StaleIfError opt => opt,
+        _ => null,
+      };
+
+  /// Whether a request that failed with [error] may be answered from the
+  /// cache: the server could not be reached, or failed on its side (5xx).
+  ///
+  /// Not a 4xx — the resource is gone or the request is wrong, and a saved copy
+  /// would hide that — and not a cancellation or a certificate failure.
+  static bool covers(DioException error) => switch (error.type) {
+    DioExceptionType.connectionTimeout ||
+    DioExceptionType.sendTimeout ||
+    DioExceptionType.receiveTimeout ||
+    DioExceptionType.transformTimeout ||
+    DioExceptionType.connectionError ||
+    DioExceptionType.unknown => true,
+    DioExceptionType.badResponse => (error.response?.statusCode ?? 0) >= 500,
+    DioExceptionType.cancel || DioExceptionType.badCertificate => false,
+  };
+
+  /// Records [body] as a fallback, keeping the most recently confirmed one.
+  void offer(SavedBody body) {
+    final current = _saved;
+    final at = body.fetchedAt;
+    if (current == null ||
+        (at != null && (current.fetchedAt?.isBefore(at) ?? true))) {
+      _saved = body;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/// GETs that fall back to the saved copy.
+extension ApiClientStaleIfError on ApiClient {
+  /// GET [path] on [tier] like [ApiClient.get], except that when every host
+  /// fails in a way [StaleIfError.covers], the body the cache saved from the
+  /// last success is returned instead of the error — with [Fetched.stale] set,
+  /// so it can never pass for current. With nothing saved, the error is
+  /// rethrown as before.
+  ///
+  /// Only for data that is still worth seeing when old and that a reader can
+  /// judge by its age — a list of past reports, not an alert feed.
+  Future<Fetched<Object?>> getOrSaved(
+    ApiTier tier,
+    String path, {
+    Map<String, dynamic>? query,
+  }) async {
+    final fallback = StaleIfError();
+    try {
+      final response = await request(
+        tier,
+        path,
+        query: query,
+        options: fallback.options,
+      );
+      return (data: response.data, stale: null);
+    } on DioException catch (error) {
+      final saved = fallback.saved;
+      if (saved == null || !StaleIfError.covers(error)) rethrow;
+      Log.warning(
+        'ApiClient: $path unreachable (${error.type.name}); serving the copy '
+        'saved at ${saved.fetchedAt?.toIso8601String() ?? 'an unknown time'}',
+      );
+      return (
+        data: saved.data,
+        stale: Staleness(failure: mapException(error), since: saved.fetchedAt),
+      );
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lib/core/platform/render_tier.dart b/lib/core/platform/render_tier.dart
index 2d9e6725b..89fb92869 100644
--- a/lib/core/platform/render_tier.dart
+++ b/lib/core/platform/render_tier.dart
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import 'dart:io';
 
+import 'package:dpip/core/logging/log.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/platform/device_info.dart';
 
 /// How much GPU/CPU a device can spend on decorative animation.
@@ -33,3 +34,22 @@ RenderTier renderTierFor(DeviceDetails device, {bool? isAndroid}) {
   }
   return totalMb < 4096 ? RenderTier.low : RenderTier.high;
 }
+
+/// This device's [RenderTier], probed once per process and shared.
+///
+/// The probe is a platform call, and more than one surface wants its answer —
+/// asking again per map, per replay, would pay the round trip each time for a
+/// value that cannot change while the app runs. A probe that fails answers
+/// [RenderTier.high], for the reason [renderTierFor] gives.
+Future<RenderTier> deviceRenderTier() => _deviceTier ??= _probeDeviceTier();
+
+Future<RenderTier>? _deviceTier;
+
+Future<RenderTier> _probeDeviceTier() async {
+  try {
+    return renderTierFor(await DeviceInfoService.load());
+  } catch (error) {
+    Log.warning('Device tier probe failed, keeping full quality: $error');
+    return RenderTier.high;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lib/core/realtime/server_clock.dart b/lib/core/realtime/server_clock.dart
index f33a6ce57..b69694518 100644
--- a/lib/core/realtime/server_clock.dart
+++ b/lib/core/realtime/server_clock.dart
@@ -15,6 +15,22 @@ import 'package:dpip/core/realtime/server_time_source.dart';
 ///
 /// [sync] is best-effort: on failure it keeps the last anchor (device time until
 /// the first success) and stays usable, so flaky NTP can never block the app.
+///
+/// **The anchor is a trimmed mean, not the last sample.** Each sync measures
+/// where the monotonic clock's zero falls in server time; the clock keeps the
+/// last [sampleWindow] of those measurements and anchors on their mean with
+/// the highest and lowest dropped. A single sample is only as good as its
+/// round trip — SNTP is within milliseconds, but the HTTP fallback is ±RTT/2,
+/// easily a few hundred on a congested mobile link — and re-anchoring on each
+/// one made calibrated time jump back and forth by that much every minute,
+/// which every countdown and wavefront measured against it showed. One wild
+/// sample among five is simply dropped.
+///
+/// A real change is not noise, though: when a sample disagrees with **every**
+/// sample in the window by more than [stepThreshold] the window restarts from
+/// it, so the clock follows at once. The monotonic clock not running while the
+/// device sleeps is the everyday case — the server time at its zero really has
+/// moved, by however long the device slept.
 class ServerClock implements Clock {
   ServerClock(this._device, this._elapsed, this._source);
 
@@ -22,11 +38,19 @@ class ServerClock implements Clock {
   final Elapsed _elapsed;
   final ServerTimeSource _source;
 
-  /// Server time (ms epoch, UTC) captured at the last successful sync.
-  int? _anchorServerMs;
+  /// How many recent syncs the anchor is averaged over.
+  static const int sampleWindow = 5;
+
+  /// A sample this far from every sample in the window is a step, not noise.
+  static const Duration stepThreshold = Duration(seconds: 2);
 
-  /// Monotonic reading captured at that same sync.
-  Duration? _anchorMono;
+  /// Recent measurements, oldest first: server time (ms epoch, UTC) at the
+  /// monotonic clock's zero, i.e. server time minus the monotonic reading taken
+  /// at the same sync.
+  final List<int> _samples = [];
+
+  /// The trimmed mean of [_samples] — what [now] adds monotonic time to.
+  int? _originMs;
 
   bool _isSynced = false;
 
@@ -35,25 +59,53 @@ class ServerClock implements Clock {
 
   @override
   DateTime now() {
-    final anchorMs = _anchorServerMs;
-    final anchorMono = _anchorMono;
-    if (anchorMs == null || anchorMono == null) {
+    final originMs = _originMs;
+    if (originMs == null) {
       return _device.now().toUtc(); // best-effort until the first sync
     }
-    final elapsedSinceAnchor = _elapsed.elapsed - anchorMono;
     return DateTime.fromMillisecondsSinceEpoch(
-      anchorMs + elapsedSinceAnchor.inMilliseconds,
+      originMs + _elapsed.elapsed.inMilliseconds,
       isUtc: true,
     );
   }
 
+  /// Adds one measurement and re-derives the anchor from the window.
+  void _addSample(int sampleMs) {
+    final step = stepThreshold.inMilliseconds;
+    if (_samples.isNotEmpty &&
+        _samples.every((s) => (sampleMs - s).abs() > step)) {
+      Log.info(
+        'ServerClock: step of ${sampleMs - _originMs!} ms — '
+        'restarting the sample window',
+      );
+      _samples.clear();
+    }
+    _samples.add(sampleMs);
+    if (_samples.length > sampleWindow) _samples.removeAt(0);
+    _originMs = trimmedMean(_samples);
+  }
+
+  /// The mean of [samples] without its single highest and lowest value (once
+  /// there are at least three to drop them from), rounded to the millisecond.
+  static int trimmedMean(List<int> samples) {
+    final sorted = [...samples]..sort();
+    final kept = sorted.length >= 3
+        ? sorted.sublist(1, sorted.length - 1)
+        : sorted;
+    var sum = 0;
+    for (final value in kept) {
+      sum += value;
+    }
+    return (sum / kept.length).round();
+  }
+
   /// The current device→server correction (calibrated now minus device now),
   /// for diagnostics; zero before the first sync.
   Duration get offset =>
       _isSynced ? now().difference(_device.now().toUtc()) : Duration.zero;
 
-  /// Re-anchors calibrated time from the server, bounded by [timeout]. Keeps
-  /// the last anchor (and logs) on failure.
+  /// Measures the server's time, bounded by [timeout], and folds it into the
+  /// anchor (see the class doc). Keeps the last anchor (and logs) on failure.
   ///
   /// The default has to cover the whole chain, not one request: SNTP's
   /// primary→backup fallback is 2 hosts × 3s, and the HTTP `/ntp` stage behind
@@ -70,8 +122,7 @@ class ServerClock implements Clock {
         );
         return;
       }
-      _anchorServerMs = serverMs;
-      _anchorMono = _elapsed.elapsed;
+      _addSample(serverMs - _elapsed.elapsed.inMilliseconds);
       _isSynced = true;
     } catch (error, stackTrace) {
       Log.handle(error, stackTrace, 'ServerClock sync');
diff --git a/lib/features/earthquake/data/earthquake_api.dart b/lib/features/earthquake/data/earthquake_api.dart
index f5a982c5e..663a5081f 100644
--- a/lib/features/earthquake/data/earthquake_api.dart
+++ b/lib/features/earthquake/data/earthquake_api.dart
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
+import 'package:dpip/core/error/result.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/network/api_client.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/network/api_paths.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/network/api_region.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/network/sse_client.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/network/sse_event.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/core/network/stale_if_error.dart';
 
 /// Earthquake endpoints on the region-aware [ApiClient].
 ///
@@ -84,7 +86,12 @@ class EarthquakeApi {
   ///
   /// [startTime] / [endTime] are `YYYY-MM-DD` (Asia/Taipei). Defaults and
   /// unknown keys are stripped server-side (302 to a canonical query).
-  Future<List<dynamic>> getReportList({
+  ///
+  /// Stale-if-error ([ApiClientStaleIfError.getOrSaved]): offline, the page
+  /// saved last time comes back marked as a saved copy. Past reports do not
+  /// change, so an old page is still a true one — it may only be missing the
+  /// newest, which the marker tells the reader.
+  Future<Fetched<List<dynamic>>> getReportList({
     int limit = 50,
     int page = 1,
     int? minIntensity,
@@ -120,11 +127,12 @@ class EarthquakeApi {
       'cityMinInt': ?cityMinInt,
       'cityMaxInt': ?cityMaxInt,
     };
-    return (await _client.get(
+    final fetched = await _client.getOrSaved(
       ApiTier.coreApi,
       '/api/v2/eq/report',
       query: query,
-    )) as List<dynamic>;
+    );
+    return (data: fetched.data as List<dynamic>, stale: fetched.stale);
   }
 
   /// Full earthquake report by [reportId] (includes area `list`).
diff --git a/lib/features/earthquake/data/report_repository_impl.dart b/lib/features/earthquake/data/report_repository_impl.dart
index bbc66b02f..f0c0997fd 100644
--- a/lib/features/earthquake/data/report_repository_impl.dart
+++ b/lib/features/earthquake/data/report_repository_impl.dart
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ class ReportRepositoryImpl implements ReportRepository {
     int limit = 30,
     int page = 1,
     ReportListQuery query = ReportListQuery.empty,
-  }) => guardResult(() async {
+  }) => guardFetched(() async {
     final raw = await _api.getReportList(
       limit: limit,
       page: page,
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class ReportRepositoryImpl implements ReportRepository {
       cityMinInt: query.cityMinInt,
       cityMaxInt: query.cityMaxInt,
     );
-    return parseReportList(raw);
+    return (data: parseReportList(raw.data), stale: raw.stale);
   });
 
   @override
diff --git a/lib/features/earthquake/presentation/pages/report_list_page.dart b/lib/features/earthquake/presentation/pages/report_list_page.dart
index f2a86b9d2..6520071eb 100644
--- a/lib/features/earthquake/presentation/pages/report_list_page.dart
+++ b/lib/features/earthquake/presentation/pages/report_list_page.dart
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import 'package:dpip/shared/seismic/intensity_colors.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/shared/seismic/report_colors.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/shared/widgets/empty_view.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/shared/widgets/error_view.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/shared/widgets/freshness_banner.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/shared/widgets/intensity_badge.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/shared/widgets/loading_view.dart';
 import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
@@ -150,7 +151,7 @@ class _ReportListPageState extends State<ReportListPage> {
     final sections = groupReportsByTaipeiDay(c.items);
     final extra = c.loadingMore || !c.hasMore ? 1 : 0;
 
-    return ListView.builder(
+    final list = ListView.builder(
       controller: _scroll,
       physics: const AlwaysScrollableScrollPhysics(),
       padding: EdgeInsets.fromLTRB(
@@ -191,6 +192,16 @@ class _ReportListPageState extends State<ReportListPage> {
         );
       },
     );
+    // Rows that are not a current answer — a saved copy, or what is left
+    // after a failed refresh — say so above the list.
+    final staleness = c.staleness;
+    if (staleness == null) return list;
+    return Column(
+      children: [
+        FreshnessBanner.saved(staleness: staleness),
+        Expanded(child: list),
+      ],
+    );
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/lib/features/earthquake/presentation/pages/report_replay_page.dart b/lib/features/earthquake/presentation/pages/report_replay_page.dart
index 441c13a22..972535548 100644
--- a/lib/features/earthquake/presentation/pages/report_replay_page.dart
+++ b/lib/features/earthquake/presentation/pages/report_replay_page.dart
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import 'package:dpip/app/theme/app_spacing.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/geo/town_directory.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/logging/log.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/models/lat_lng.dart' as geo;
+import 'package:dpip/core/platform/render_tier.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/network/api_client.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/settings/eew_cwa_only_settings.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/settings/setting_keys.dart';
@@ -59,6 +60,7 @@ import 'package:dpip/shared/map/camera_fit.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/shared/map/geo_circle.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/shared/map/map_compass.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/shared/map/map_gsi_overlay.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/shared/map/wavefront_cadence.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/shared/map/map_town_labels.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/shared/map/map_style.dart'
     show MapColors, countyFillLayerId, townFillLayerId, townLabelLayerId;
@@ -540,9 +542,13 @@ class _ReplayMapState extends State<_ReplayMap> {
   /// expansion and a visibly stepped one. Runs only while there is something
   /// to draw or to clear ([_syncWavefrontTicker]): most of a replay has no
   /// alert up, and sixty idle wakeups a second kept a phone's CPU from ever
-  /// settling for the whole of it.
+  /// settling for the whole of it. A low-end phone runs it slower — see
+  /// [wavefrontTick].
   Timer? _wavefrontTicker;
 
+  /// [_wavefrontTicker]'s interval: full rate until the device tier is known.
+  Duration _wavefrontTick = wavefrontTick(RenderTier.high);
+
   /// Feeds the Flutter [MapCompass] needle — camera heading, ° clockwise from
   /// north, kept in sync from [BaseMap.onCameraMove].
   final ValueNotifier<double> _bearing = ValueNotifier(0);
@@ -584,6 +590,15 @@ class _ReplayMapState extends State<_ReplayMap> {
     unawaited(_prepareModel());
     widget.eew.addListener(_onEewChange);
     widget.tick.addListener(_onTick);
+    // An injected tier is a test's; the app probes the device.
+    (context.read<Future<RenderTier>?>() ?? deviceRenderTier()).then((tier) {
+      final tick = wavefrontTick(tier);
+      if (!mounted || tick == _wavefrontTick) return;
+      _wavefrontTick = tick;
+      _wavefrontTicker?.cancel();
+      _wavefrontTicker = null;
+      _syncWavefrontTicker();
+    });
     widget.travelTimeTable.then((table) {
       if (!mounted) return;
       _travelTimeTable = table;
@@ -657,7 +672,7 @@ class _ReplayMapState extends State<_ReplayMap> {
       _wavefrontTicker = null;
       return;
     }
-    _wavefrontTicker ??= Timer.periodic(const Duration(milliseconds: 16), (_) {
+    _wavefrontTicker ??= Timer.periodic(_wavefrontTick, (_) {
       if (!_wavefrontWanted) {
         _wavefrontTicker?.cancel();
         _wavefrontTicker = null;
diff --git a/lib/features/earthquake/presentation/report_list_controller.dart b/lib/features/earthquake/presentation/report_list_controller.dart
index 1d097e548..6a9c1db57 100644
--- a/lib/features/earthquake/presentation/report_list_controller.dart
+++ b/lib/features/earthquake/presentation/report_list_controller.dart
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 library;
 
 import 'package:dpip/core/error/failure.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/core/error/result.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/logging/log.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/core/realtime/app_time.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/features/earthquake/domain/partial_earthquake_report.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/features/earthquake/domain/report_list_query.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/features/earthquake/domain/report_repository.dart';
@@ -38,6 +40,17 @@ class ReportListController extends ChangeNotifier {
   bool get loading => _loading;
   bool get loadingMore => _loadingMore;
   Failure? get failure => _failure;
+
+  /// Set while the rows in [items] are not a current answer, so the page can
+  /// say so instead of presenting them as current: the server could not be
+  /// reached and they are the copy saved last time, or a refresh failed and
+  /// they are what the previous load returned. Null while they are current.
+  Staleness? get staleness => _staleness;
+  Staleness? _staleness;
+
+  /// When the first page in [items] was last current (calibrated time) — the
+  /// age a failed refresh reports for the rows it leaves on screen.
+  DateTime? _currentAt;
   bool get isEmpty => !_loading && _failure == null && items.isEmpty;
 
   /// Draft differs from the last successful / in-flight query.
@@ -72,20 +85,24 @@ class ReportListController extends ChangeNotifier {
       page: 1,
       query: this.query,
     );
-    result.when(
-      ok: (page) {
+    switch (result) {
+      case Ok(value: final page, :final stale):
         items
           ..clear()
           ..addAll(page);
         _page = 1;
         _hasMore = page.length >= pageSize;
         _failure = null;
-      },
-      err: (failure) {
+        _staleness = stale;
+        _currentAt = stale == null ? AppTime.utc : stale.since;
+      case Err(:final failure):
         _failure = failure;
+        // The rows stay (see [reload]), but they are no longer current.
+        if (items.isNotEmpty) {
+          _staleness = Staleness(failure: failure, since: _currentAt);
+        }
         Log.warning('Report list reload failed: ${failure.message}');
-      },
-    );
+    }
     _loading = false;
     notifyListeners();
   }
@@ -102,18 +119,18 @@ class ReportListController extends ChangeNotifier {
       page: next,
       query: query,
     );
-    result.when(
-      ok: (page) {
+    switch (result) {
+      case Ok(value: final page, :final stale):
         items.addAll(page);
         _page = next;
         _hasMore = page.length >= pageSize;
         _failure = null;
-      },
-      err: (failure) {
+        // A saved later page makes the list as a whole a saved copy.
+        if (stale != null) _staleness ??= stale;
+      case Err(:final failure):
         // Keep existing rows; surface via log — footer can retry loadMore.
         Log.warning('Report list loadMore failed: ${failure.message}');
-      },
-    );
+    }
     _loadingMore = false;
     notifyListeners();
   }
diff --git a/lib/features/events/data/event_api.dart b/lib/features/events/data/event_api.dart
index 7cadc594e..a7b96fe94 100644
--- a/lib/features/events/data/event_api.dart
+++ b/lib/features/events/data/event_api.dart
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
+import 'package:dpip/core/error/result.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/network/api_client.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/network/api_region.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/core/network/stale_if_error.dart';
 
 /// DPIP disaster-event (事件) endpoints — **API v1**, still on the legacy host.
 ///
@@ -23,17 +25,24 @@ class EventApi {
   /// Nationwide event history, newest first.
   ///
   /// `https://api-1.exptech.dev/api/v1/dpip/history/list`
-  Future<List<dynamic>> getHistoryList() async =>
-      (await _client.get(_tier, '/api/v1/dpip/history/list') as List?) ??
-      const [];
+  ///
+  /// History is stale-if-error ([ApiClientStaleIfError.getOrSaved]): offline,
+  /// the list saved last time comes back marked as a saved copy. Past notices
+  /// stay true; the marker tells the reader newer ones may be missing.
+  Future<Fetched<List<dynamic>>> getHistoryList() =>
+      _history('/api/v1/dpip/history/list');
 
   /// Event history affecting the township [region] (a 3-digit code), newest
-  /// first.
+  /// first. Stale-if-error, like [getHistoryList].
   ///
   /// `https://api-1.exptech.dev/api/v1/dpip/history/{region}`
-  Future<List<dynamic>> getHistoryRegion(String region) async =>
-      (await _client.get(_tier, '/api/v1/dpip/history/$region') as List?) ??
-      const [];
+  Future<Fetched<List<dynamic>>> getHistoryRegion(String region) =>
+      _history('/api/v1/dpip/history/$region');
+
+  Future<Fetched<List<dynamic>>> _history(String path) async {
+    final fetched = await _client.getOrSaved(_tier, path);
+    return (data: fetched.data as List? ?? const [], stale: fetched.stale);
+  }
 
   /// Nationwide *active* events, newest first.
   ///
diff --git a/lib/features/events/data/event_repository_impl.dart b/lib/features/events/data/event_repository_impl.dart
index dbe208517..477c19ce1 100644
--- a/lib/features/events/data/event_repository_impl.dart
+++ b/lib/features/events/data/event_repository_impl.dart
@@ -13,11 +13,14 @@ class EventRepositoryImpl implements EventRepository {
 
   @override
   Future<Result<List<Event>>> events({String? regionCode}) =>
-      guardResult(() async {
+      guardFetched(() async {
         final raw = regionCode == null
             ? await _api.getHistoryList()
             : await _api.getHistoryRegion(regionCode);
-        return parseEvents(raw, regionCode: regionCode);
+        return (
+          data: parseEvents(raw.data, regionCode: regionCode),
+          stale: raw.stale,
+        );
       });
 
   @override
diff --git a/lib/features/location/presentation/pages/region_city_page.dart b/lib/features/location/presentation/pages/region_city_page.dart
index 5baf5c0c1..0a462abe3 100644
--- a/lib/features/location/presentation/pages/region_city_page.dart
+++ b/lib/features/location/presentation/pages/region_city_page.dart
@@ -3,11 +3,12 @@
 library;
 
 import 'package:dpip/app/theme/app_spacing.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/core/geo/place_search.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/geo/town.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/geo/town_directory.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/settings/region_store.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/features/location/presentation/widgets/region_town_tile.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/l10n/gen/app_localizations.dart';
-import 'package:dpip/shared/navigation/app_routes.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/shared/widgets/empty_view.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/shared/widgets/section_header.dart';
 import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
@@ -44,13 +45,17 @@ class RegionCityPage extends StatefulWidget {
 class _RegionCityPageState extends State<RegionCityPage> {
   final _searchController = TextEditingController();
 
-  /// The townships of [RegionCityPage.city]. The directory is one immutable
-  /// instance for the app's life, so scan it once per city instead of once per
-  /// build: [build] re-runs on every keystroke and the scan walks all 368
-  /// towns, building a `cityName` string for each.
-  late List<Town> _towns = context.read<TownDirectory>().townsInCity(
-    widget.city,
-  );
+  /// The townships of [RegionCityPage.city], each with its name folded for
+  /// the filter ([foldPlaceName]). The directory is one immutable instance for
+  /// the app's life, so scan and fold once per city instead of once per build:
+  /// [build] re-runs on every keystroke and the scan walks all 368 towns,
+  /// building a `cityName` string for each.
+  late List<(Town, String)> _towns = _scan(widget.city);
+
+  List<(Town, String)> _scan(String city) => [
+    for (final town in context.read<TownDirectory>().townsInCity(city))
+      (town, foldPlaceName(town.townName)),
+  ];
 
   @override
   void didUpdateWidget(covariant RegionCityPage oldWidget) {
@@ -61,7 +66,7 @@ class _RegionCityPageState extends State<RegionCityPage> {
     // fresh one, which is what makes the scan above an optimisation and this
     // re-scan the thing that keeps it correct.
     if (oldWidget.city != widget.city) {
-      _towns = context.read<TownDirectory>().townsInCity(widget.city);
+      _towns = _scan(widget.city);
     }
   }
 
@@ -79,12 +84,15 @@ class _RegionCityPageState extends State<RegionCityPage> {
     final savedCodes = store.savedCodes;
     final query = GoRouterState.of(context).uri.queryParameters;
     final effectiveReplaceCode = widget.replaceCode ?? query['replace'];
+    final effectiveReturnToMore =
+        widget.returnToMore == true || query['returnToMore'] == '1';
 
-    final needle = _searchController.text.trim().toLowerCase();
+    // Folded like the names, so `台東` finds 臺東市 and a stray space or a
+    // full-width character from a CJK keyboard does not empty the list.
+    final needle = foldPlaceName(_searchController.text);
     final shown = [
-      for (final town in _towns)
-        if (needle.isEmpty || town.townName.toLowerCase().contains(needle))
-          town,
+      for (final (town, name) in _towns)
+        if (needle.isEmpty || name.contains(needle)) town,
     ];
 
     return Scaffold(
@@ -130,92 +138,15 @@ class _RegionCityPageState extends State<RegionCityPage> {
             )
           else
             for (final town in shown)
-              _TownTile(
+              RegionTownTile(
                 town: town,
-                saved: savedCodes.contains(town.code),
-                enabled:
-                    effectiveReplaceCode == null ||
-                    town.code == effectiveReplaceCode ||
-                    !savedCodes.contains(town.code),
-                canAdd:
-                    effectiveReplaceCode != null ||
-                    store.canSave(town.code) ||
-                    savedCodes.contains(town.code),
-                onToggle: () => _toggle(context, store, town),
+                store: store,
+                savedCodes: savedCodes,
+                replaceCode: effectiveReplaceCode,
+                returnToMore: effectiveReturnToMore,
               ),
         ],
       ),
     );
   }
-
-  void _toggle(BuildContext context, RegionStore store, Town town) {
-    final query = GoRouterState.of(context).uri.queryParameters;
-    final replace = widget.replaceCode ?? query['replace'];
-    final shouldReturnToMore =
-        widget.returnToMore == true || query['returnToMore'] == '1';
-    var changed = false;
-    if (replace != null) {
-      if (store.savedCodes.contains(town.code) && town.code != replace) return;
-      changed = store.replaceSaved(replace, town.code);
-    } else if (store.savedCodes.contains(town.code)) {
-      store.removeSaved(town.code);
-      changed = true;
-    } else if (!store.addSaved(town.code)) {
-      // At the cap — nothing added; explain the limit.
-      final l10n = AppLocalizations.of(context);
-      ScaffoldMessenger.of(context)
-        ..hideCurrentSnackBar()
-        ..showSnackBar(
-          SnackBar(content: Text(l10n.regionSelectFull(RegionStore.maxSaved))),
-        );
-    } else {
-      changed = true;
-    }
-    if (changed && shouldReturnToMore) {
-      context.goNamed(AppRoutes.more);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/// One township row — name, code + centroid coordinates, and a star that
-/// reflects and toggles its saved state.
-class _TownTile extends StatelessWidget {
-  const _TownTile({
-    required this.town,
-    required this.saved,
-    required this.enabled,
-    required this.canAdd,
-    required this.onToggle,
-  });
-
-  final Town town;
-  final bool saved;
-  final bool enabled;
-  final bool canAdd;
-  final VoidCallback onToggle;
-
-  @override
-  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
-    final colors = Theme.of(context).colorScheme;
-    // Saved → primary star; addable → muted outline; at the cap → dimmed.
-    final starColor = !enabled
-        ? colors.onSurface.withValues(alpha: 0.3)
-        : saved
-        ? colors.primary
-        : canAdd
-        ? colors.onSurfaceVariant
-        : colors.onSurface.withValues(alpha: 0.3);
-
-    return ListTile(
-      enabled: enabled,
-      leading: const Icon(Icons.location_on_outlined),
-      title: Text(town.townName),
-      subtitle: Text(
-        '${town.code}・${town.lng.toStringAsFixed(2)}°E・'
-        '${town.lat.toStringAsFixed(2)}°N',
-      ),
-      trailing: Icon(saved ? Icons.star : Icons.star_border, color: starColor),
-      onTap: enabled ? onToggle : null,
-    );
-  }
 }
diff --git a/lib/features/location/presentation/pages/region_select_page.dart b/lib/features/location/presentation/pages/region_select_page.dart
index f2415839a..9548b4b53 100644
--- a/lib/features/location/presentation/pages/region_select_page.dart
+++ b/lib/features/location/presentation/pages/region_select_page.dart
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-/// The first level of the region picker: a search field over the counties and
-/// cities, then the full city list to drill into.
+/// The first level of the region picker: a search field over the counties,
+/// cities and townships, then the full city list to drill into.
 library;
 
 import 'package:dpip/app/theme/app_spacing.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/core/geo/place_search.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/geo/town_directory.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/settings/region_store.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/features/location/presentation/widgets/region_town_tile.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/l10n/gen/app_localizations.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/shared/navigation/app_routes.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/shared/widgets/empty_view.dart';
@@ -13,12 +15,14 @@ import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
 import 'package:go_router/go_router.dart';
 import 'package:provider/provider.dart';
 
-/// The city level of the region picker, with a filter on top.
+/// The city level of the region picker, with a search on top.
 ///
 /// The query narrows the city list in place — it never leaves this page: a
 /// matching city keeps its star marker and drill-down, a non-matching one
-/// disappears, and no match at all shows an empty view. Townships are reached
-/// by drilling in, as before.
+/// disappears. Townships the query names are listed under the cities and pick
+/// straight from here, so `板橋` does not first need the user to know it is in
+/// 新北市. Both sides are compared folded ([foldPlaceName]), so the everyday
+/// `台北` finds the directory's `臺北市`. No match at all shows an empty view.
 class RegionSelectPage extends StatefulWidget {
   const RegionSelectPage({super.key, this.replaceCode, this.returnToMore});
 
@@ -35,14 +39,16 @@ class RegionSelectPage extends StatefulWidget {
 class _RegionSelectPageState extends State<RegionSelectPage> {
   final _searchController = TextEditingController();
 
-  /// The city list, read once for the page's lifetime.
+  /// The city and township names, folded once for the page's lifetime.
   ///
   /// [TownDirectory.cities] is a getter that walks every township to collapse
   /// them into the ~20 city names, and [build] runs on every character typed
   /// into the search field. The directory is built once at bootstrap and never
-  /// mutated, so the result cannot differ between keystrokes — the filter below
-  /// narrows this list instead of rebuilding it.
-  late final List<String> _cities = context.read<TownDirectory>().cities;
+  /// mutated, so neither the names nor their folded forms can differ between
+  /// keystrokes — each search scans this index instead of rebuilding it.
+  late final PlaceSearchIndex _index = PlaceSearchIndex(
+    context.read<TownDirectory>(),
+  );
 
   @override
   void dispose() {
@@ -61,80 +67,108 @@ class _RegionSelectPageState extends State<RegionSelectPage> {
     final effectiveReturnToMore =
         widget.returnToMore == true || query['returnToMore'] == '1';
 
+    // Read once (the getter allocates a fresh list each call).
+    final savedCodes = store.savedCodes;
     final savedCities = {
-      for (final code in store.savedCodes) directory.byCode(code)?.cityName,
+      for (final code in savedCodes) directory.byCode(code)?.cityName,
     };
-    final needle = _searchController.text.trim().toLowerCase();
-    final cities = [
-      for (final city in _cities)
-        if (needle.isEmpty || city.toLowerCase().contains(needle)) city,
-    ];
+    final searching = foldPlaceName(_searchController.text).isNotEmpty;
+    final (:cities, :towns) = _index.search(_searchController.text);
 
+    Widget cityTile(String city) => ListTile(
+      leading: const Icon(Icons.location_city_outlined),
+      title: Text(city),
+      trailing: Row(
+        mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,
+        children: [
+          if (savedCities.contains(city))
+            Icon(Icons.star, size: 18, color: colors.primary),
+          const Icon(Icons.chevron_right),
+        ],
+      ),
+      onTap: () => context.pushNamed(
+        AppRoutes.regionSelectCity,
+        pathParameters: {'city': city},
+        queryParameters: {
+          ...?(effectiveReplaceCode == null
+              ? null
+              : {'replace': effectiveReplaceCode}),
+          if (effectiveReturnToMore) 'returnToMore': '1',
+        },
+      ),
+    );
+
+    // Slivers built on demand: a one-character query such as `區` names well
+    // over a hundred townships, and this rebuilds on every keystroke.
     return Scaffold(
       appBar: AppBar(title: Text(l10n.regionSelectTitle)),
-      body: ListView(
-        children: [
-          Padding(
-            padding: const EdgeInsets.fromLTRB(
-              AppSpacing.md,
-              AppSpacing.sm,
-              AppSpacing.md,
-              AppSpacing.sm,
-            ),
-            child: TextField(
-              controller: _searchController,
-              textInputAction: TextInputAction.search,
-              decoration: InputDecoration(
-                hintText: l10n.regionSearchHint,
-                prefixIcon: const Icon(Icons.search),
-                suffixIcon: needle.isEmpty
-                    ? null
-                    : IconButton(
-                        icon: const Icon(Icons.clear),
-                        tooltip: l10n.commonClose,
-                        onPressed: () {
-                          _searchController.clear();
-                          setState(() {});
-                        },
-                      ),
-                isDense: true,
-                border: const OutlineInputBorder(),
+      body: CustomScrollView(
+        slivers: [
+          SliverToBoxAdapter(
+            child: Padding(
+              padding: const EdgeInsets.fromLTRB(
+                AppSpacing.md,
+                AppSpacing.sm,
+                AppSpacing.md,
+                AppSpacing.sm,
+              ),
+              child: TextField(
+                controller: _searchController,
+                textInputAction: TextInputAction.search,
+                decoration: InputDecoration(
+                  hintText: l10n.regionSearchHint,
+                  prefixIcon: const Icon(Icons.search),
+                  suffixIcon: !searching
+                      ? null
+                      : IconButton(
+                          icon: const Icon(Icons.clear),
+                          tooltip: l10n.commonClose,
+                          onPressed: () {
+                            _searchController.clear();
+                            setState(() {});
+                          },
+                        ),
+                  isDense: true,
+                  border: const OutlineInputBorder(),
+                ),
+                onChanged: (_) => setState(() {}),
               ),
-              onChanged: (_) => setState(() {}),
             ),
           ),
-          SectionHeader(
-            l10n.regionSelectCount(
-              store.savedCodes.length,
-              RegionStore.maxSaved,
+          SliverToBoxAdapter(
+            child: SectionHeader(
+              l10n.regionSelectCount(savedCodes.length, RegionStore.maxSaved),
             ),
           ),
-          if (cities.isEmpty)
-            EmptyView(icon: Icons.search_off, message: l10n.regionSearchEmpty)
-          else
-            for (final city in cities)
-              ListTile(
-                leading: const Icon(Icons.location_city_outlined),
-                title: Text(city),
-                trailing: Row(
-                  mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,
-                  children: [
-                    if (savedCities.contains(city))
-                      Icon(Icons.star, size: 18, color: colors.primary),
-                    const Icon(Icons.chevron_right),
-                  ],
-                ),
-                onTap: () => context.pushNamed(
-                  AppRoutes.regionSelectCity,
-                  pathParameters: {'city': city},
-                  queryParameters: {
-                    ...?(effectiveReplaceCode == null
-                        ? null
-                        : {'replace': effectiveReplaceCode}),
-                    if (effectiveReturnToMore) 'returnToMore': '1',
-                  },
+          if (cities.isEmpty && towns.isEmpty)
+            SliverToBoxAdapter(
+              child: EmptyView(
+                icon: Icons.search_off,
+                message: l10n.regionSearchEmpty,
+              ),
+            )
+          else ...[
+            SliverList.builder(
+              itemCount: cities.length,
+              itemBuilder: (context, i) => cityTile(cities[i]),
+            ),
+            if (towns.isNotEmpty) ...[
+              SliverToBoxAdapter(
+                child: SectionHeader(l10n.regionSearchTownsHeader),
+              ),
+              SliverList.builder(
+                itemCount: towns.length,
+                itemBuilder: (context, i) => RegionTownTile(
+                  town: towns[i],
+                  store: store,
+                  savedCodes: savedCodes,
+                  replaceCode: effectiveReplaceCode,
+                  returnToMore: effectiveReturnToMore,
+                  showCity: true,
                 ),
               ),
+            ],
+          ],
         ],
       ),
     );
diff --git a/lib/features/location/presentation/widgets/region_town_tile.dart b/lib/features/location/presentation/widgets/region_town_tile.dart
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e585101be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/features/location/presentation/widgets/region_town_tile.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+/// One pickable township row of the region picker, and what tapping it does —
+/// shared by the city list's search results and the township list inside a
+/// city, so a township chosen from either place behaves the same.
+library;
+
+import 'package:dpip/core/geo/town.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/core/settings/region_store.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/l10n/gen/app_localizations.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/shared/navigation/app_routes.dart';
+import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
+import 'package:go_router/go_router.dart';
+
+/// A township row: name, code + centroid coordinates, and a star that
+/// reflects and toggles its saved state in [store].
+///
+/// [showCity] titles the row with the full `縣市 鄉鎮市區` name — for a search
+/// result, where townships from different cities share a name (two 中正區, two
+/// 東區) and the row is the only place the user can tell them apart.
+///
+/// [replaceCode] is the saved township this pick replaces (the manage page's
+/// "change" flow), and [returnToMore] goes back to the More tab after a change
+/// that landed — both as the picker received them.
+class RegionTownTile extends StatelessWidget {
+  const RegionTownTile({
+    super.key,
+    required this.town,
+    required this.store,
+    required this.savedCodes,
+    this.replaceCode,
+    this.returnToMore = false,
+    this.showCity = false,
+  });
+
+  final Town town;
+  final RegionStore store;
+
+  /// [RegionStore.savedCodes], read once by the list rather than once per row
+  /// (the getter allocates a fresh list each call).
+  final List<String> savedCodes;
+  final String? replaceCode;
+  final bool returnToMore;
+  final bool showCity;
+
+  @override
+  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
+    final colors = Theme.of(context).colorScheme;
+    final saved = savedCodes.contains(town.code);
+    // Replacing: another already-saved township cannot be the replacement.
+    final enabled = replaceCode == null || town.code == replaceCode || !saved;
+    final canAdd = replaceCode != null || store.canSave(town.code) || saved;
+    // Saved → primary star; addable → muted outline; at the cap → dimmed.
+    final starColor = !enabled
+        ? colors.onSurface.withValues(alpha: 0.3)
+        : saved
+        ? colors.primary
+        : canAdd
+        ? colors.onSurfaceVariant
+        : colors.onSurface.withValues(alpha: 0.3);
+
+    return ListTile(
+      enabled: enabled,
+      leading: const Icon(Icons.location_on_outlined),
+      title: Text(showCity ? town.fullName : town.townName),
+      subtitle: Text(
+        '${town.code}・${town.lng.toStringAsFixed(2)}°E・'
+        '${town.lat.toStringAsFixed(2)}°N',
+      ),
+      trailing: Icon(saved ? Icons.star : Icons.star_border, color: starColor),
+      onTap: enabled ? () => _toggle(context) : null,
+    );
+  }
+
+  /// A saved row removes on tap; an unsaved row adds (when under the cap) or,
+  /// once full, leaves the selection unchanged and explains the limit. With a
+  /// [replaceCode] the tap swaps that saved township for this one instead.
+  void _toggle(BuildContext context) {
+    var changed = false;
+    final replace = replaceCode;
+    if (replace != null) {
+      if (store.savedCodes.contains(town.code) && town.code != replace) return;
+      changed = store.replaceSaved(replace, town.code);
+    } else if (store.savedCodes.contains(town.code)) {
+      store.removeSaved(town.code);
+      changed = true;
+    } else if (!store.addSaved(town.code)) {
+      // At the cap — nothing added; explain the limit.
+      final l10n = AppLocalizations.of(context);
+      ScaffoldMessenger.of(context)
+        ..hideCurrentSnackBar()
+        ..showSnackBar(
+          SnackBar(content: Text(l10n.regionSelectFull(RegionStore.maxSaved))),
+        );
+    } else {
+      changed = true;
+    }
+    if (changed && returnToMore) {
+      context.goNamed(AppRoutes.more);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lib/features/map/presentation/layers/rts_layer.dart b/lib/features/map/presentation/layers/rts_layer.dart
index 7772becc2..762ad45ca 100644
--- a/lib/features/map/presentation/layers/rts_layer.dart
+++ b/lib/features/map/presentation/layers/rts_layer.dart
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import 'dart:math' as math;
 
 import 'package:dpip/core/geo/town_directory.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/models/lat_lng.dart' as geo;
+import 'package:dpip/core/platform/render_tier.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/realtime/app_time.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/realtime/realtime_notifier.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/realtime/realtime_state.dart';
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@ import 'package:dpip/shared/map/map_layer.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/shared/map/map_style.dart'
     show MapColors, countyFillLayerId, townFillLayerId;
 import 'package:dpip/shared/map/monitor_map_stack.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/shared/map/wavefront_cadence.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/shared/seismic/intensity_circle_renderer.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/shared/seismic/intensity_colors.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/shared/seismic/intensity_icon_renderer.dart';
@@ -120,6 +122,7 @@ class RtsMapLayer with MapLayerDefaults implements MapLayer {
     RtsLiveDemand? liveDemand,
     MlIntensityEstimator? mlIntensity,
     RtsStationEncoder? stationEncoder,
+    Future<RenderTier>? renderTier,
     // Not initializing formals: Dart has no private *named* parameter, and
     // these fields must stay private.
     // ignore: prefer_initializing_formals
@@ -135,7 +138,19 @@ class RtsMapLayer with MapLayerDefaults implements MapLayer {
        // ignore: prefer_initializing_formals
        _stationEncoder = stationEncoder,
        // ignore: prefer_initializing_formals
-       _townDirectory = townDirectory;
+       _townDirectory = townDirectory {
+    // A low-end phone redraws the rings at a lower rate (see
+    // [wavefrontTick]). Until the probe answers — and when no probe is
+    // given — the rings run at full rate, never degraded on a guess.
+    renderTier?.then((tier) {
+      final tick = wavefrontTick(tier);
+      if (tick == _eewTick) return;
+      _eewTick = tick;
+      _eewTicker?.cancel();
+      _eewTicker = null;
+      _syncEewTicker();
+    });
+  }
 
   final RealtimeNotifier<Rts> _feed;
   final TremStationRepository _stationRepository;
@@ -283,8 +298,8 @@ class RtsMapLayer with MapLayerDefaults implements MapLayer {
   /// a silky-smooth expansion and a visibly stepped one. Each push is small
   /// (two ~64-point rings), so the extra platform-channel traffic is cheap —
   /// and it only runs at all while an alert is actually live
-  /// ([_syncEewTicker]).
-  static const Duration _eewTick = Duration(milliseconds: 16);
+  /// ([_syncEewTicker]). A low-end phone runs it slower — see [wavefrontTick].
+  Duration _eewTick = wavefrontTick(RenderTier.high);
   static const int _maxStationRetries = 8;
   static const double _liveOpacity = 1.0;
   static const double _staleOpacity = 0.35;
@@ -403,16 +418,58 @@ class RtsMapLayer with MapLayerDefaults implements MapLayer {
     }
     _eewTicker ??= Timer.periodic(_eewTick, (_) {
       if (!_eewActive) return;
-      unawaited(_pushEew());
-      // A box's S-wave coverage (see [_isBoxFullyCovered]) grows every
-      // tick even between RTS polls, so it has to be re-evaluated here
-      // too — not just on [_onFeed] — or a box stops blinking only
-      // whenever the next poll happens to land, well after the wavefront
-      // actually crossed it.
-      unawaited(_pushBox());
+      if (_eewTickInFlight && _eewTicksSkipped < _eewTickMaxSkips) {
+        _eewTicksSkipped++;
+        return;
+      }
+      final generation = ++_eewTickGeneration;
+      _eewTickInFlight = true;
+      _eewTicksSkipped = 0;
+      unawaited(
+        Future.wait([
+          _pushEew(),
+          // A box's S-wave coverage (see [_isBoxFullyCovered]) grows every
+          // tick even between RTS polls, so it has to be re-evaluated here
+          // too — not just on [_onFeed] — or a box stops blinking only
+          // whenever the next poll happens to land, well after the wavefront
+          // actually crossed it.
+          _pushBox(),
+        ]).whenComplete(() {
+          // A write abandoned by [_eewTickMaxWait] must not clear the flag
+          // of the one that replaced it.
+          if (generation == _eewTickGeneration) _eewTickInFlight = false;
+        }),
+      );
     });
   }
 
+  /// Whether the last wavefront tick's writes are still on the platform
+  /// channel.
+  ///
+  /// The ticker does not wait for a write to land, and the map plugin queues
+  /// GeoJSON writes per source in call order without ever dropping a stale
+  /// one. On a phone that needs longer than a tick to apply a ring set, every
+  /// tick used to add another full set behind the last — each one older than
+  /// the clock by the time the map drew it, and the backlog growing for as
+  /// long as the alert lasted. Skipping the tick instead means the next write
+  /// is computed from the clock when it is actually sent, so the newest ring
+  /// is always the next one drawn. A phone that keeps up never sees a skip.
+  bool _eewTickInFlight = false;
+
+  /// Ticks skipped in a row behind the in-flight write.
+  int _eewTicksSkipped = 0;
+
+  /// Bumped per tick that writes, so a late completion is recognised as late.
+  int _eewTickGeneration = 0;
+
+  /// About a second of ticks: past this the in-flight write is treated as lost
+  /// rather than slow. A platform call that never answers — a map torn down
+  /// mid-write — would otherwise hold the flag forever and freeze the rings
+  /// for the rest of an alert, which is far worse than the backlog the flag
+  /// exists to prevent.
+  int get _eewTickMaxSkips =>
+      const Duration(seconds: 1).inMicroseconds ~/ _eewTick.inMicroseconds;
+
   void _onFeed() {
     _alerts.track(_feed.state);
     _rankingTick.value++;
diff --git a/lib/features/map/presentation/pages/map_page.dart b/lib/features/map/presentation/pages/map_page.dart
index bffa982f0..15217c494 100644
--- a/lib/features/map/presentation/pages/map_page.dart
+++ b/lib/features/map/presentation/pages/map_page.dart
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import 'package:dpip/features/map/presentation/layers/disaster_map_layer.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/features/map/presentation/layers/humidity_layer.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/meshtastic/domain/meshtastic_service.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/meshtastic/mesh_node_store.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/core/platform/render_tier.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/features/map/presentation/layers/lightning_layer.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/features/map/presentation/layers/location_track_layer.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/features/map/presentation/layers/mesh_node_layer.dart';
@@ -130,6 +131,7 @@ class _MapPageState extends State<MapPage> {
       liveDemand: context.read<RtsLiveDemand>(),
       mlIntensity: context.read<MlIntensityEstimator>(),
       stationEncoder: context.read<RtsStationEncoder>(),
+      renderTier: deviceRenderTier(),
     ),
     TemperatureMapLayer(context.read<MeteorWeatherRepository>()),
     HumidityMapLayer(context.read<MeteorWeatherRepository>()),
diff --git a/lib/l10n/app_en.arb b/lib/l10n/app_en.arb
index 8a0d24232..f9a66e84b 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/app_en.arb
+++ b/lib/l10n/app_en.arb
@@ -847,6 +847,46 @@
   },
   "moreSectionLinks": "Links",
   "feedOffline": "Connection lost",
+  "freshnessSavedCopy": "Can't connect · showing data from {age} ago",
+  "freshnessSavedCopyUnknownAge": "Can't connect · showing saved data",
+  "durationMinutes": "{count, plural, =1{1 minute} other{{count} minutes}}",
+  "durationHours": "{count, plural, =1{1 hour} other{{count} hours}}",
+  "durationDays": "{count, plural, =1{1 day} other{{count} days}}",
+  "@durationDays": {
+    "description": "A duration in whole days, used inside other sentences (e.g. how old saved data is)",
+    "placeholders": {
+      "count": {
+        "type": "int"
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "@durationHours": {
+    "description": "A duration in whole hours, used inside other sentences (e.g. how old saved data is)",
+    "placeholders": {
+      "count": {
+        "type": "int"
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "@durationMinutes": {
+    "description": "A duration in whole minutes, used inside other sentences (e.g. how old saved data is)",
+    "placeholders": {
+      "count": {
+        "type": "int"
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "@freshnessSavedCopyUnknownAge": {
+    "description": "Banner over a list shown from a saved copy whose age is unknown, because the server could not be reached"
+  },
+  "@freshnessSavedCopy": {
+    "description": "Banner over a list shown from the copy saved last time because the server could not be reached; {age} is a duration such as '5 minutes' (durationMinutes/Hours/Days)",
+    "placeholders": {
+      "age": {
+        "type": "String"
+      }
+    }
+  },
   "feedReplaying": "Replaying",
   "mapLayerStyleBd": "Dvorak BD",
   "@mapLayerSatelliteB09": {
@@ -2498,6 +2538,25 @@
     "description": "More-menu link to the ExpTech announcements website"
   },
   "mapTimelineDataTime": "Data {time}",
+  "mapTimelineSemanticsLabel": "Timeline",
+  "@mapTimelineSemanticsLabel": {
+    "description": "Screen-reader label of the map timeline scrubber, which is announced as an adjustable slider"
+  },
+  "mapTimelineSemanticsValue": "{era} {time}, {date}",
+  "@mapTimelineSemanticsValue": {
+    "description": "Screen-reader value of the map timeline slider for one frame: its era word (Past/Now/Future), its time label and its date, e.g. Past 07:10, 2026/07/13",
+    "placeholders": {
+      "era": {
+        "type": "String"
+      },
+      "time": {
+        "type": "String"
+      },
+      "date": {
+        "type": "String"
+      }
+    }
+  },
   "radarScanRange": "Show scan range",
   "@mapLayerQpesums": {
     "description": "Name of the QPESUMS next-1-hour precipitation forecast layer in the layer picker"
@@ -2572,10 +2631,14 @@
   },
   "mapLayerSatelliteWatervapor": "Himawari Water Vapour",
   "regionAddButton": "Add a region",
-  "regionSearchHint": "Search counties and cities",
-  "regionSearchEmpty": "No matching counties or cities",
+  "regionSearchHint": "Search counties, cities and townships",
+  "regionSearchEmpty": "No matching counties, cities or townships",
   "regionSearchTownHint": "Search townships",
   "regionSearchTownEmpty": "No matching townships",
+  "regionSearchTownsHeader": "Townships",
+  "@regionSearchTownsHeader": {
+    "description": "Section header above the township matches listed under the county/city matches when searching on the first page of the region picker"
+  },
   "displaySettings": "Display",
   "restroomGradePoor": "Below standard",
   "@moreSectionNotify": {
diff --git a/lib/l10n/app_fil.arb b/lib/l10n/app_fil.arb
index 2379e4815..d4122bbd3 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/app_fil.arb
+++ b/lib/l10n/app_fil.arb
@@ -288,6 +288,11 @@
   "reportListYesterday": "Kahapon",
   "moreSectionLinks": "Mga Link",
   "feedOffline": "Nawala ang koneksyon",
+  "freshnessSavedCopy": "Hindi makakonekta · ipinapakita ang datos mula {age} na ang nakalipas",
+  "freshnessSavedCopyUnknownAge": "Hindi makakonekta · ipinapakita ang naka-save na datos",
+  "durationMinutes": "{count, plural, =1{1 minuto} other{{count} minuto}}",
+  "durationHours": "{count, plural, =1{1 oras} other{{count} oras}}",
+  "durationDays": "{count, plural, =1{1 araw} other{{count} araw}}",
   "feedReplaying": "Nire-replay",
   "mapLayerStyleBd": "Dvorak BD",
   "moreSectionDisplay": "Display",
@@ -901,6 +906,8 @@
   },
   "reportFilterSortDepth": "Lalim",
   "mapTimelineDataTime": "Oras ng data {time}",
+  "mapTimelineSemanticsLabel": "Timeline",
+  "mapTimelineSemanticsValue": "{era} {time}, {date}",
   "radarScanRange": "Ipakita ang saklaw ng pag-scan",
   "meshtasticHopLimit": "Hop limit",
   "@meshtasticUptime": {
@@ -937,10 +944,11 @@
   "typhoonPickerTd": "Tropical depression TD {no}",
   "mapLayerSatelliteWatervapor": "Himawari Water Vapour",
   "regionAddButton": "Magdagdag ng rehiyon",
-  "regionSearchHint": "Maghanap ng mga lalawigan at lungsod",
-  "regionSearchEmpty": "Walang tumugmang lalawigan o lungsod",
+  "regionSearchHint": "Maghanap ng lalawigan, lungsod o bayan",
+  "regionSearchEmpty": "Walang tumugmang lalawigan, lungsod o bayan",
   "regionSearchTownHint": "Maghanap ng mga bayan",
   "regionSearchTownEmpty": "Walang tumugmang bayan",
+  "regionSearchTownsHeader": "Mga bayan",
   "displaySettings": "Pagpapakita",
   "restroomGradePoor": "Mas mababa sa pamantayan",
   "restroomCategoryTourist": "Lugar para sa turista",
diff --git a/lib/l10n/app_id.arb b/lib/l10n/app_id.arb
index 2a4e59f5f..10507b645 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/app_id.arb
+++ b/lib/l10n/app_id.arb
@@ -288,6 +288,11 @@
   "reportListYesterday": "Kemarin",
   "moreSectionLinks": "Tautan",
   "feedOffline": "Koneksi terputus",
+  "freshnessSavedCopy": "Tidak dapat terhubung · menampilkan data dari {age} yang lalu",
+  "freshnessSavedCopyUnknownAge": "Tidak dapat terhubung · menampilkan data tersimpan",
+  "durationMinutes": "{count, plural, other{{count} menit}}",
+  "durationHours": "{count, plural, other{{count} jam}}",
+  "durationDays": "{count, plural, other{{count} hari}}",
   "feedReplaying": "Memutar ulang",
   "mapLayerStyleBd": "Dvorak BD",
   "moreSectionDisplay": "Tampilan",
@@ -901,6 +906,8 @@
   },
   "reportFilterSortDepth": "Kedalaman",
   "mapTimelineDataTime": "Waktu data {time}",
+  "mapTimelineSemanticsLabel": "Linimasa",
+  "mapTimelineSemanticsValue": "{era} {time}, {date}",
   "radarScanRange": "Tampilkan jangkauan pindai",
   "meshtasticHopLimit": "Batas lompatan",
   "@meshtasticUptime": {
@@ -937,10 +944,11 @@
   "typhoonPickerTd": "Depresi tropis TD {no}",
   "mapLayerSatelliteWatervapor": "Himawari Water Vapour",
   "regionAddButton": "Tambah wilayah",
-  "regionSearchHint": "Cari kabupaten dan kota",
-  "regionSearchEmpty": "Tidak ada kabupaten/kota yang cocok",
+  "regionSearchHint": "Cari kabupaten, kota, atau kecamatan",
+  "regionSearchEmpty": "Tidak ada kabupaten/kota atau kecamatan yang cocok",
   "regionSearchTownHint": "Cari kecamatan",
   "regionSearchTownEmpty": "Tidak ada kecamatan yang cocok",
+  "regionSearchTownsHeader": "Kecamatan",
   "displaySettings": "Tampilan",
   "restroomGradePoor": "Di bawah standar",
   "restroomCategoryTourist": "Kawasan wisata",
diff --git a/lib/l10n/app_ja.arb b/lib/l10n/app_ja.arb
index 0b3e7dc64..16da7ed47 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/app_ja.arb
+++ b/lib/l10n/app_ja.arb
@@ -288,6 +288,11 @@
   "reportListYesterday": "昨日",
   "moreSectionLinks": "関連リンク",
   "feedOffline": "接続が切断されました",
+  "freshnessSavedCopy": "接続できません・{age}前のデータを表示中",
+  "freshnessSavedCopyUnknownAge": "接続できません・保存済みのデータを表示中",
+  "durationMinutes": "{count, plural, other{{count}分}}",
+  "durationHours": "{count, plural, other{{count}時間}}",
+  "durationDays": "{count, plural, other{{count}日}}",
   "feedReplaying": "再生中",
   "mapLayerStyleBd": "Dvorak BD",
   "moreSectionDisplay": "表示",
@@ -901,6 +906,8 @@
   },
   "reportFilterSortDepth": "深さ",
   "mapTimelineDataTime": "データ時刻 {time}",
+  "mapTimelineSemanticsLabel": "タイムライン",
+  "mapTimelineSemanticsValue": "{era} {time}、{date}",
   "radarScanRange": "走査範囲を表示",
   "meshtasticHopLimit": "ホップ数上限",
   "@meshtasticUptime": {
@@ -937,10 +944,11 @@
   "typhoonPickerTd": "熱帯低気圧 TD {no}",
   "mapLayerSatelliteWatervapor": "ひまわり 水蒸気",
   "regionAddButton": "地域を追加",
-  "regionSearchHint": "都道府県・市区を検索",
+  "regionSearchHint": "県市・町村を検索",
   "regionSearchEmpty": "一致する地域がありません",
   "regionSearchTownHint": "町村を検索",
   "regionSearchTownEmpty": "該当する町村がありません",
+  "regionSearchTownsHeader": "町村",
   "displaySettings": "表示",
   "restroomGradePoor": "不合格",
   "restroomCategoryTourist": "観光地・景勝地",
diff --git a/lib/l10n/app_ko.arb b/lib/l10n/app_ko.arb
index a5413a28d..1ab9cef8b 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/app_ko.arb
+++ b/lib/l10n/app_ko.arb
@@ -288,6 +288,11 @@
   "reportListYesterday": "어제",
   "moreSectionLinks": "링크",
   "feedOffline": "연결이 끊어졌습니다",
+  "freshnessSavedCopy": "연결할 수 없음 · {age} 전 데이터 표시 중",
+  "freshnessSavedCopyUnknownAge": "연결할 수 없음 · 저장된 데이터 표시 중",
+  "durationMinutes": "{count, plural, other{{count}분}}",
+  "durationHours": "{count, plural, other{{count}시간}}",
+  "durationDays": "{count, plural, other{{count}일}}",
   "feedReplaying": "재생 중",
   "mapLayerStyleBd": "Dvorak BD",
   "moreSectionDisplay": "표시",
@@ -901,6 +906,8 @@
   },
   "reportFilterSortDepth": "깊이",
   "mapTimelineDataTime": "데이터 시간 {time}",
+  "mapTimelineSemanticsLabel": "타임라인",
+  "mapTimelineSemanticsValue": "{era} {time}, {date}",
   "radarScanRange": "스캔 범위 표시",
   "meshtasticHopLimit": "홉 제한",
   "@meshtasticUptime": {
@@ -937,10 +944,11 @@
   "typhoonPickerTd": "열대 저기압 TD {no}",
   "mapLayerSatelliteWatervapor": "히마와리 수증기",
   "regionAddButton": "지역 추가",
-  "regionSearchHint": "시·도 검색",
-  "regionSearchEmpty": "일치하는 시·도가 없습니다",
+  "regionSearchHint": "시·도 또는 읍·면·동 검색",
+  "regionSearchEmpty": "일치하는 지역이 없습니다",
   "regionSearchTownHint": "읍·면·동 검색",
   "regionSearchTownEmpty": "일치하는 읍·면·동이 없습니다",
+  "regionSearchTownsHeader": "읍·면·동",
   "displaySettings": "화면",
   "restroomGradePoor": "불합격",
   "restroomCategoryTourist": "관광 지역·경치 구역",
diff --git a/lib/l10n/app_th.arb b/lib/l10n/app_th.arb
index b22b11a28..06ddb9ab2 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/app_th.arb
+++ b/lib/l10n/app_th.arb
@@ -288,6 +288,11 @@
   "reportListYesterday": "เมื่อวาน",
   "moreSectionLinks": "ลิงก์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง",
   "feedOffline": "การเชื่อมต่อขาดหาย",
+  "freshnessSavedCopy": "เชื่อมต่อไม่ได้ · แสดงข้อมูลเมื่อ {age}ที่แล้ว",
+  "freshnessSavedCopyUnknownAge": "เชื่อมต่อไม่ได้ · แสดงข้อมูลที่บันทึกไว้",
+  "durationMinutes": "{count, plural, other{{count} นาที}}",
+  "durationHours": "{count, plural, other{{count} ชั่วโมง}}",
+  "durationDays": "{count, plural, other{{count} วัน}}",
   "feedReplaying": "กำลังเล่นซ้ำ",
   "mapLayerStyleBd": "Dvorak BD",
   "moreSectionDisplay": "การแสดงผล",
@@ -901,6 +906,8 @@
   },
   "reportFilterSortDepth": "ความลึก",
   "mapTimelineDataTime": "เวลาข้อมูล {time}",
+  "mapTimelineSemanticsLabel": "ไทม์ไลน์",
+  "mapTimelineSemanticsValue": "{era} {time}, {date}",
   "radarScanRange": "แสดงขอบเขตการสแกน",
   "meshtasticHopLimit": "จำนวนฮอปสูงสุด",
   "@meshtasticUptime": {
@@ -937,10 +944,11 @@
   "typhoonPickerTd": "ดีเปรสชันเขตร้อน TD {no}",
   "mapLayerSatelliteWatervapor": "Himawari Water Vapour",
   "regionAddButton": "เพิ่มพื้นที่",
-  "regionSearchHint": "ค้นหาจังหวัดและเมือง",
-  "regionSearchEmpty": "ไม่พบจังหวัดหรือเมืองที่ตรงกัน",
+  "regionSearchHint": "ค้นหาจังหวัด เมือง หรือตำบล",
+  "regionSearchEmpty": "ไม่พบจังหวัด เมือง หรือตำบลที่ตรงกัน",
   "regionSearchTownHint": "ค้นหาตำบล",
   "regionSearchTownEmpty": "ไม่พบตำบลที่ตรงกัน",
+  "regionSearchTownsHeader": "ตำบล",
   "displaySettings": "การแสดงผล",
   "restroomGradePoor": "ต่ำกว่ามาตรฐาน",
   "restroomCategoryTourist": "แหล่งท่องเที่ยว",
diff --git a/lib/l10n/app_vi.arb b/lib/l10n/app_vi.arb
index 0fad033e1..ff1f12830 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/app_vi.arb
+++ b/lib/l10n/app_vi.arb
@@ -288,6 +288,11 @@
   "reportListYesterday": "Hôm qua",
   "moreSectionLinks": "Liên kết",
   "feedOffline": "Mất kết nối",
+  "freshnessSavedCopy": "Không thể kết nối · đang hiển thị dữ liệu từ {age} trước",
+  "freshnessSavedCopyUnknownAge": "Không thể kết nối · đang hiển thị dữ liệu đã lưu",
+  "durationMinutes": "{count, plural, other{{count} phút}}",
+  "durationHours": "{count, plural, other{{count} giờ}}",
+  "durationDays": "{count, plural, other{{count} ngày}}",
   "feedReplaying": "Đang phát lại",
   "mapLayerStyleBd": "Dvorak BD",
   "moreSectionDisplay": "Hiển thị",
@@ -901,6 +906,8 @@
   },
   "reportFilterSortDepth": "Độ sâu",
   "mapTimelineDataTime": "Thời gian dữ liệu {time}",
+  "mapTimelineSemanticsLabel": "Dòng thời gian",
+  "mapTimelineSemanticsValue": "{era} {time}, {date}",
   "radarScanRange": "Hiện phạm vi quét",
   "meshtasticHopLimit": "Giới hạn hop",
   "@meshtasticUptime": {
@@ -937,10 +944,11 @@
   "typhoonPickerTd": "Áp thấp nhiệt đới TD {no}",
   "mapLayerSatelliteWatervapor": "Himawari Water Vapour",
   "regionAddButton": "Thêm khu vực",
-  "regionSearchHint": "Tìm kiếm tỉnh và thành phố",
-  "regionSearchEmpty": "Không tìm thấy tỉnh/thành phố phù hợp",
+  "regionSearchHint": "Tìm tỉnh, thành phố hoặc xã",
+  "regionSearchEmpty": "Không tìm thấy tỉnh/thành phố hoặc xã phù hợp",
   "regionSearchTownHint": "Tìm kiếm xã",
   "regionSearchTownEmpty": "Không tìm thấy xã phù hợp",
+  "regionSearchTownsHeader": "Xã",
   "displaySettings": "Hiển thị",
   "restroomGradePoor": "Dưới chuẩn",
   "restroomCategoryTourist": "Khu du lịch thắng cảnh",
diff --git a/lib/l10n/app_yue.arb b/lib/l10n/app_yue.arb
index f1fdd6cdd..a6abdaf87 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/app_yue.arb
+++ b/lib/l10n/app_yue.arb
@@ -290,6 +290,11 @@
   "reportListYesterday": "昨天",
   "moreSectionLinks": "相關連結",
   "feedOffline": "連接中斷",
+  "freshnessSavedCopy": "連唔到網絡・顯示緊 {age}前嘅資料",
+  "freshnessSavedCopyUnknownAge": "連唔到網絡・顯示緊之前儲存嘅資料",
+  "durationMinutes": "{count, plural, other{{count} 分鐘}}",
+  "durationHours": "{count, plural, other{{count} 個鐘}}",
+  "durationDays": "{count, plural, other{{count} 日}}",
   "feedReplaying": "重播緊",
   "mapLayerStyleBd": "Dvorak BD",
   "moreSectionDisplay": "顯示",
@@ -901,6 +906,8 @@
   },
   "reportFilterSortDepth": "深度",
   "mapTimelineDataTime": "資料時間 {time}",
+  "mapTimelineSemanticsLabel": "時間軸",
+  "mapTimelineSemanticsValue": "{era} {time}，{date}",
   "radarScanRange": "顯示掃描範圍",
   "meshtasticHopLimit": "跳數上限",
   "@meshtasticUptime": {
@@ -937,10 +944,11 @@
   "typhoonPickerTd": "熱帶性低氣壓 TD {no}",
   "mapLayerSatelliteWatervapor": "ひまわり 水氣",
   "regionAddButton": "新增地區",
-  "regionSearchHint": "搜尋縣市",
-  "regionSearchEmpty": "搵唔到符合嘅縣市",
+  "regionSearchHint": "搜尋縣市或鄉鎮",
+  "regionSearchEmpty": "搵唔到符合嘅縣市或鄉鎮",
   "regionSearchTownHint": "搜尋鄉鎮",
   "regionSearchTownEmpty": "搵唔到符合嘅鄉鎮",
+  "regionSearchTownsHeader": "鄉鎮",
   "displaySettings": "顯示設定",
   "restroomGradePoor": "唔合格",
   "restroomCategoryTourist": "觀光地區及風景區",
diff --git a/lib/l10n/app_zh.arb b/lib/l10n/app_zh.arb
index 89f1c8976..d8cda19a3 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/app_zh.arb
+++ b/lib/l10n/app_zh.arb
@@ -288,6 +288,11 @@
   "reportListYesterday": "昨天",
   "moreSectionLinks": "相關連結",
   "feedOffline": "連線中斷",
+  "freshnessSavedCopy": "無法連線・顯示 {age}前的資料",
+  "freshnessSavedCopyUnknownAge": "無法連線・顯示先前儲存的資料",
+  "durationMinutes": "{count, plural, other{{count} 分鐘}}",
+  "durationHours": "{count, plural, other{{count} 小時}}",
+  "durationDays": "{count, plural, other{{count} 天}}",
   "feedReplaying": "重播中",
   "mapLayerStyleBd": "Dvorak BD",
   "moreSectionDisplay": "顯示",
@@ -901,6 +906,8 @@
   },
   "reportFilterSortDepth": "深度",
   "mapTimelineDataTime": "資料時間 {time}",
+  "mapTimelineSemanticsLabel": "時間軸",
+  "mapTimelineSemanticsValue": "{era} {time}，{date}",
   "radarScanRange": "顯示掃描範圍",
   "meshtasticHopLimit": "跳數上限",
   "@meshtasticUptime": {
@@ -937,10 +944,11 @@
   "typhoonPickerTd": "熱帶性低氣壓 TD {no}",
   "mapLayerSatelliteWatervapor": "ひまわり 水氣",
   "regionAddButton": "新增地區",
-  "regionSearchHint": "搜尋縣市",
-  "regionSearchEmpty": "找不到符合的縣市",
+  "regionSearchHint": "搜尋縣市或鄉鎮市區",
+  "regionSearchEmpty": "找不到符合的縣市或鄉鎮市區",
   "regionSearchTownHint": "搜尋鄉鎮市區",
   "regionSearchTownEmpty": "找不到符合的鄉鎮市區",
+  "regionSearchTownsHeader": "鄉鎮市區",
   "displaySettings": "顯示設定",
   "restroomGradePoor": "不合格",
   "restroomCategoryTourist": "觀光地區及風景區",
diff --git a/lib/l10n/app_zh_Hans.arb b/lib/l10n/app_zh_Hans.arb
index fdbf8405d..5df33f9d1 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/app_zh_Hans.arb
+++ b/lib/l10n/app_zh_Hans.arb
@@ -288,6 +288,11 @@
   "reportListYesterday": "昨天",
   "moreSectionLinks": "相关链接",
   "feedOffline": "连接中断",
+  "freshnessSavedCopy": "无法连接・显示 {age}前的数据",
+  "freshnessSavedCopyUnknownAge": "无法连接・显示先前保存的数据",
+  "durationMinutes": "{count, plural, other{{count} 分钟}}",
+  "durationHours": "{count, plural, other{{count} 小时}}",
+  "durationDays": "{count, plural, other{{count} 天}}",
   "feedReplaying": "重播中",
   "mapLayerStyleBd": "Dvorak BD",
   "moreSectionDisplay": "显示",
@@ -901,6 +906,8 @@
   },
   "reportFilterSortDepth": "深度",
   "mapTimelineDataTime": "资料时间 {time}",
+  "mapTimelineSemanticsLabel": "时间轴",
+  "mapTimelineSemanticsValue": "{era} {time}，{date}",
   "radarScanRange": "显示扫描范围",
   "meshtasticHopLimit": "跳数上限",
   "@meshtasticUptime": {
@@ -937,10 +944,11 @@
   "typhoonPickerTd": "热带性低气压 TD {no}",
   "mapLayerSatelliteWatervapor": "ひまわり 水气",
   "regionAddButton": "添加地区",
-  "regionSearchHint": "搜索县市",
-  "regionSearchEmpty": "找不到符合的县市",
+  "regionSearchHint": "搜索县市或乡镇市区",
+  "regionSearchEmpty": "找不到符合的县市或乡镇市区",
   "regionSearchTownHint": "搜索乡镇市区",
   "regionSearchTownEmpty": "找不到符合的乡镇市区",
+  "regionSearchTownsHeader": "乡镇市区",
   "displaySettings": "显示设置",
   "restroomGradePoor": "不合格",
   "restroomCategoryTourist": "观光地区及风景区",
diff --git a/lib/l10n/app_zh_Hant_HK.arb b/lib/l10n/app_zh_Hant_HK.arb
index 0224dea6d..9f2ae0379 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/app_zh_Hant_HK.arb
+++ b/lib/l10n/app_zh_Hant_HK.arb
@@ -288,6 +288,11 @@
   "reportListYesterday": "昨天",
   "moreSectionLinks": "相關連結",
   "feedOffline": "連接中斷",
+  "freshnessSavedCopy": "連唔到網絡・顯示緊 {age}前嘅資料",
+  "freshnessSavedCopyUnknownAge": "連唔到網絡・顯示緊之前儲存嘅資料",
+  "durationMinutes": "{count, plural, other{{count} 分鐘}}",
+  "durationHours": "{count, plural, other{{count} 個鐘}}",
+  "durationDays": "{count, plural, other{{count} 日}}",
   "feedReplaying": "重播中",
   "mapLayerStyleBd": "Dvorak BD",
   "moreSectionDisplay": "顯示",
@@ -901,6 +906,8 @@
   },
   "reportFilterSortDepth": "深度",
   "mapTimelineDataTime": "資料時間 {time}",
+  "mapTimelineSemanticsLabel": "時間軸",
+  "mapTimelineSemanticsValue": "{era} {time}，{date}",
   "radarScanRange": "顯示掃描範圍",
   "meshtasticHopLimit": "跳數上限",
   "@meshtasticUptime": {
@@ -937,10 +944,11 @@
   "typhoonPickerTd": "熱帶性低氣壓 TD {no}",
   "mapLayerSatelliteWatervapor": "ひまわり 水氣",
   "regionAddButton": "新增地區",
-  "regionSearchHint": "搜尋縣市",
-  "regionSearchEmpty": "搵唔到符合嘅縣市",
+  "regionSearchHint": "搜尋縣市或鄉鎮",
+  "regionSearchEmpty": "搵唔到符合嘅縣市或鄉鎮",
   "regionSearchTownHint": "搜尋鄉鎮",
   "regionSearchTownEmpty": "搵唔到符合嘅鄉鎮",
+  "regionSearchTownsHeader": "鄉鎮",
   "displaySettings": "顯示設定",
   "restroomGradePoor": "不合格",
   "restroomCategoryTourist": "觀光地區及風景區",
diff --git a/lib/l10n/app_zh_TW.arb b/lib/l10n/app_zh_TW.arb
index d0cfe63a6..01d92a72b 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/app_zh_TW.arb
+++ b/lib/l10n/app_zh_TW.arb
@@ -288,6 +288,11 @@
   "reportListYesterday": "昨天",
   "moreSectionLinks": "相關連結",
   "feedOffline": "連線中斷",
+  "freshnessSavedCopy": "無法連線・顯示 {age}前的資料",
+  "freshnessSavedCopyUnknownAge": "無法連線・顯示先前儲存的資料",
+  "durationMinutes": "{count, plural, other{{count} 分鐘}}",
+  "durationHours": "{count, plural, other{{count} 小時}}",
+  "durationDays": "{count, plural, other{{count} 天}}",
   "feedReplaying": "重播中",
   "mapLayerStyleBd": "Dvorak BD",
   "moreSectionDisplay": "顯示",
@@ -901,6 +906,8 @@
   },
   "reportFilterSortDepth": "深度",
   "mapTimelineDataTime": "資料時間 {time}",
+  "mapTimelineSemanticsLabel": "時間軸",
+  "mapTimelineSemanticsValue": "{era} {time}，{date}",
   "radarScanRange": "顯示掃描範圍",
   "meshtasticHopLimit": "跳數上限",
   "@meshtasticUptime": {
@@ -937,10 +944,11 @@
   "typhoonPickerTd": "熱帶性低氣壓 TD {no}",
   "mapLayerSatelliteWatervapor": "ひまわり 水氣",
   "regionAddButton": "新增地區",
-  "regionSearchHint": "搜尋縣市",
-  "regionSearchEmpty": "找不到符合的縣市",
+  "regionSearchHint": "搜尋縣市或鄉鎮市區",
+  "regionSearchEmpty": "找不到符合的縣市或鄉鎮市區",
   "regionSearchTownHint": "搜尋鄉鎮市區",
   "regionSearchTownEmpty": "找不到符合的鄉鎮市區",
+  "regionSearchTownsHeader": "鄉鎮市區",
   "displaySettings": "顯示設定",
   "restroomGradePoor": "不合格",
   "restroomCategoryTourist": "觀光地區及風景區",
diff --git a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations.dart b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations.dart
index 99e0f25d7..9b63f7f12 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations.dart
+++ b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations.dart
@@ -1290,6 +1290,36 @@ abstract class AppLocalizations {
   /// **'Connection lost'**
   String get feedOffline;
 
+  /// Banner over a list shown from the copy saved last time because the server could not be reached; {age} is a duration such as '5 minutes' (durationMinutes/Hours/Days)
+  ///
+  /// In en, this message translates to:
+  /// **'Can\'t connect · showing data from {age} ago'**
+  String freshnessSavedCopy(String age);
+
+  /// Banner over a list shown from a saved copy whose age is unknown, because the server could not be reached
+  ///
+  /// In en, this message translates to:
+  /// **'Can\'t connect · showing saved data'**
+  String get freshnessSavedCopyUnknownAge;
+
+  /// A duration in whole minutes, used inside other sentences (e.g. how old saved data is)
+  ///
+  /// In en, this message translates to:
+  /// **'{count, plural, =1{1 minute} other{{count} minutes}}'**
+  String durationMinutes(int count);
+
+  /// A duration in whole hours, used inside other sentences (e.g. how old saved data is)
+  ///
+  /// In en, this message translates to:
+  /// **'{count, plural, =1{1 hour} other{{count} hours}}'**
+  String durationHours(int count);
+
+  /// A duration in whole days, used inside other sentences (e.g. how old saved data is)
+  ///
+  /// In en, this message translates to:
+  /// **'{count, plural, =1{1 day} other{{count} days}}'**
+  String durationDays(int count);
+
   /// Status word on the replay page when the replayed instant is older than the RTS retention window: the replay is running, the server just has no shaking snapshot that far back. Never 'offline' — the feed is not broken
   ///
   /// In en, this message translates to:
@@ -3534,6 +3564,18 @@ abstract class AppLocalizations {
   /// **'Data {time}'**
   String mapTimelineDataTime(String time);
 
+  /// Screen-reader label of the map timeline scrubber, which is announced as an adjustable slider
+  ///
+  /// In en, this message translates to:
+  /// **'Timeline'**
+  String get mapTimelineSemanticsLabel;
+
+  /// Screen-reader value of the map timeline slider for one frame: its era word (Past/Now/Future), its time label and its date, e.g. Past 07:10, 2026/07/13
+  ///
+  /// In en, this message translates to:
+  /// **'{era} {time}, {date}'**
+  String mapTimelineSemanticsValue(String era, String time, String date);
+
   /// Radar scan-range overlay toggle in the map's radar overlay menu.
   ///
   /// In en, this message translates to:
@@ -3657,13 +3699,13 @@ abstract class AppLocalizations {
   /// No description provided for @regionSearchHint.
   ///
   /// In en, this message translates to:
-  /// **'Search counties and cities'**
+  /// **'Search counties, cities and townships'**
   String get regionSearchHint;
 
   /// No description provided for @regionSearchEmpty.
   ///
   /// In en, this message translates to:
-  /// **'No matching counties or cities'**
+  /// **'No matching counties, cities or townships'**
   String get regionSearchEmpty;
 
   /// No description provided for @regionSearchTownHint.
@@ -3678,6 +3720,12 @@ abstract class AppLocalizations {
   /// **'No matching townships'**
   String get regionSearchTownEmpty;
 
+  /// Section header above the township matches listed under the county/city matches when searching on the first page of the region picker
+  ///
+  /// In en, this message translates to:
+  /// **'Townships'**
+  String get regionSearchTownsHeader;
+
   /// Display-settings menu entry and page title (theme mode)
   ///
   /// In en, this message translates to:
diff --git a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_en.dart b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_en.dart
index 132954333..0f81b86ce 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_en.dart
+++ b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_en.dart
@@ -645,6 +645,48 @@ class AppLocalizationsEn extends AppLocalizations {
   @override
   String get feedOffline => 'Connection lost';
 
+  @override
+  String freshnessSavedCopy(String age) {
+    return 'Can\'t connect · showing data from $age ago';
+  }
+
+  @override
+  String get freshnessSavedCopyUnknownAge =>
+      'Can\'t connect · showing saved data';
+
+  @override
+  String durationMinutes(int count) {
+    String _temp0 = intl.Intl.pluralLogic(
+      count,
+      locale: localeName,
+      other: '$count minutes',
+      one: '1 minute',
+    );
+    return '$_temp0';
+  }
+
+  @override
+  String durationHours(int count) {
+    String _temp0 = intl.Intl.pluralLogic(
+      count,
+      locale: localeName,
+      other: '$count hours',
+      one: '1 hour',
+    );
+    return '$_temp0';
+  }
+
+  @override
+  String durationDays(int count) {
+    String _temp0 = intl.Intl.pluralLogic(
+      count,
+      locale: localeName,
+      other: '$count days',
+      one: '1 day',
+    );
+    return '$_temp0';
+  }
+
   @override
   String get feedReplaying => 'Replaying';
 
@@ -1845,6 +1887,14 @@ class AppLocalizationsEn extends AppLocalizations {
     return 'Data $time';
   }
 
+  @override
+  String get mapTimelineSemanticsLabel => 'Timeline';
+
+  @override
+  String mapTimelineSemanticsValue(String era, String time, String date) {
+    return '$era $time, $date';
+  }
+
   @override
   String get radarScanRange => 'Show scan range';
 
@@ -1916,10 +1966,10 @@ class AppLocalizationsEn extends AppLocalizations {
   String get regionAddButton => 'Add a region';
 
   @override
-  String get regionSearchHint => 'Search counties and cities';
+  String get regionSearchHint => 'Search counties, cities and townships';
 
   @override
-  String get regionSearchEmpty => 'No matching counties or cities';
+  String get regionSearchEmpty => 'No matching counties, cities or townships';
 
   @override
   String get regionSearchTownHint => 'Search townships';
@@ -1927,6 +1977,9 @@ class AppLocalizationsEn extends AppLocalizations {
   @override
   String get regionSearchTownEmpty => 'No matching townships';
 
+  @override
+  String get regionSearchTownsHeader => 'Townships';
+
   @override
   String get displaySettings => 'Display';
 
diff --git a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_fil.dart b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_fil.dart
index 54b38d553..199fb8250 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_fil.dart
+++ b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_fil.dart
@@ -648,6 +648,48 @@ class AppLocalizationsFil extends AppLocalizations {
   @override
   String get feedOffline => 'Nawala ang koneksyon';
 
+  @override
+  String freshnessSavedCopy(String age) {
+    return 'Hindi makakonekta · ipinapakita ang datos mula $age na ang nakalipas';
+  }
+
+  @override
+  String get freshnessSavedCopyUnknownAge =>
+      'Hindi makakonekta · ipinapakita ang naka-save na datos';
+
+  @override
+  String durationMinutes(int count) {
+    String _temp0 = intl.Intl.pluralLogic(
+      count,
+      locale: localeName,
+      other: '$count minuto',
+      one: '1 minuto',
+    );
+    return '$_temp0';
+  }
+
+  @override
+  String durationHours(int count) {
+    String _temp0 = intl.Intl.pluralLogic(
+      count,
+      locale: localeName,
+      other: '$count oras',
+      one: '1 oras',
+    );
+    return '$_temp0';
+  }
+
+  @override
+  String durationDays(int count) {
+    String _temp0 = intl.Intl.pluralLogic(
+      count,
+      locale: localeName,
+      other: '$count araw',
+      one: '1 araw',
+    );
+    return '$_temp0';
+  }
+
   @override
   String get feedReplaying => 'Nire-replay';
 
@@ -1856,6 +1898,14 @@ class AppLocalizationsFil extends AppLocalizations {
     return 'Oras ng data $time';
   }
 
+  @override
+  String get mapTimelineSemanticsLabel => 'Timeline';
+
+  @override
+  String mapTimelineSemanticsValue(String era, String time, String date) {
+    return '$era $time, $date';
+  }
+
   @override
   String get radarScanRange => 'Ipakita ang saklaw ng pag-scan';
 
@@ -1927,10 +1977,10 @@ class AppLocalizationsFil extends AppLocalizations {
   String get regionAddButton => 'Magdagdag ng rehiyon';
 
   @override
-  String get regionSearchHint => 'Maghanap ng mga lalawigan at lungsod';
+  String get regionSearchHint => 'Maghanap ng lalawigan, lungsod o bayan';
 
   @override
-  String get regionSearchEmpty => 'Walang tumugmang lalawigan o lungsod';
+  String get regionSearchEmpty => 'Walang tumugmang lalawigan, lungsod o bayan';
 
   @override
   String get regionSearchTownHint => 'Maghanap ng mga bayan';
@@ -1938,6 +1988,9 @@ class AppLocalizationsFil extends AppLocalizations {
   @override
   String get regionSearchTownEmpty => 'Walang tumugmang bayan';
 
+  @override
+  String get regionSearchTownsHeader => 'Mga bayan';
+
   @override
   String get displaySettings => 'Pagpapakita';
 
diff --git a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_id.dart b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_id.dart
index 2bbfd5a02..0c0977fe3 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_id.dart
+++ b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_id.dart
@@ -646,6 +646,45 @@ class AppLocalizationsId extends AppLocalizations {
   @override
   String get feedOffline => 'Koneksi terputus';
 
+  @override
+  String freshnessSavedCopy(String age) {
+    return 'Tidak dapat terhubung · menampilkan data dari $age yang lalu';
+  }
+
+  @override
+  String get freshnessSavedCopyUnknownAge =>
+      'Tidak dapat terhubung · menampilkan data tersimpan';
+
+  @override
+  String durationMinutes(int count) {
+    String _temp0 = intl.Intl.pluralLogic(
+      count,
+      locale: localeName,
+      other: '$count menit',
+    );
+    return '$_temp0';
+  }
+
+  @override
+  String durationHours(int count) {
+    String _temp0 = intl.Intl.pluralLogic(
+      count,
+      locale: localeName,
+      other: '$count jam',
+    );
+    return '$_temp0';
+  }
+
+  @override
+  String durationDays(int count) {
+    String _temp0 = intl.Intl.pluralLogic(
+      count,
+      locale: localeName,
+      other: '$count hari',
+    );
+    return '$_temp0';
+  }
+
   @override
   String get feedReplaying => 'Memutar ulang';
 
@@ -1850,6 +1889,14 @@ class AppLocalizationsId extends AppLocalizations {
     return 'Waktu data $time';
   }
 
+  @override
+  String get mapTimelineSemanticsLabel => 'Linimasa';
+
+  @override
+  String mapTimelineSemanticsValue(String era, String time, String date) {
+    return '$era $time, $date';
+  }
+
   @override
   String get radarScanRange => 'Tampilkan jangkauan pindai';
 
@@ -1921,10 +1968,11 @@ class AppLocalizationsId extends AppLocalizations {
   String get regionAddButton => 'Tambah wilayah';
 
   @override
-  String get regionSearchHint => 'Cari kabupaten dan kota';
+  String get regionSearchHint => 'Cari kabupaten, kota, atau kecamatan';
 
   @override
-  String get regionSearchEmpty => 'Tidak ada kabupaten/kota yang cocok';
+  String get regionSearchEmpty =>
+      'Tidak ada kabupaten/kota atau kecamatan yang cocok';
 
   @override
   String get regionSearchTownHint => 'Cari kecamatan';
@@ -1932,6 +1980,9 @@ class AppLocalizationsId extends AppLocalizations {
   @override
   String get regionSearchTownEmpty => 'Tidak ada kecamatan yang cocok';
 
+  @override
+  String get regionSearchTownsHeader => 'Kecamatan';
+
   @override
   String get displaySettings => 'Tampilan';
 
diff --git a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_ja.dart b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_ja.dart
index 53e3aaa9d..375fbb167 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_ja.dart
+++ b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_ja.dart
@@ -637,6 +637,44 @@ class AppLocalizationsJa extends AppLocalizations {
   @override
   String get feedOffline => '接続が切断されました';
 
+  @override
+  String freshnessSavedCopy(String age) {
+    return '接続できません・$age前のデータを表示中';
+  }
+
+  @override
+  String get freshnessSavedCopyUnknownAge => '接続できません・保存済みのデータを表示中';
+
+  @override
+  String durationMinutes(int count) {
+    String _temp0 = intl.Intl.pluralLogic(
+      count,
+      locale: localeName,
+      other: '$count分',
+    );
+    return '$_temp0';
+  }
+
+  @override
+  String durationHours(int count) {
+    String _temp0 = intl.Intl.pluralLogic(
+      count,
+      locale: localeName,
+      other: '$count時間',
+    );
+    return '$_temp0';
+  }
+
+  @override
+  String durationDays(int count) {
+    String _temp0 = intl.Intl.pluralLogic(
+      count,
+      locale: localeName,
+      other: '$count日',
+    );
+    return '$_temp0';
+  }
+
   @override
   String get feedReplaying => '再生中';
 
@@ -1815,6 +1853,14 @@ class AppLocalizationsJa extends AppLocalizations {
     return 'データ時刻 $time';
   }
 
+  @override
+  String get mapTimelineSemanticsLabel => 'タイムライン';
+
+  @override
+  String mapTimelineSemanticsValue(String era, String time, String date) {
+    return '$era $time、$date';
+  }
+
   @override
   String get radarScanRange => '走査範囲を表示';
 
@@ -1884,7 +1930,7 @@ class AppLocalizationsJa extends AppLocalizations {
   String get regionAddButton => '地域を追加';
 
   @override
-  String get regionSearchHint => '都道府県・市区を検索';
+  String get regionSearchHint => '県市・町村を検索';
 
   @override
   String get regionSearchEmpty => '一致する地域がありません';
@@ -1895,6 +1941,9 @@ class AppLocalizationsJa extends AppLocalizations {
   @override
   String get regionSearchTownEmpty => '該当する町村がありません';
 
+  @override
+  String get regionSearchTownsHeader => '町村';
+
   @override
   String get displaySettings => '表示';
 
diff --git a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_ko.dart b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_ko.dart
index 66dcb8998..97221f89a 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_ko.dart
+++ b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_ko.dart
@@ -636,6 +636,44 @@ class AppLocalizationsKo extends AppLocalizations {
   @override
   String get feedOffline => '연결이 끊어졌습니다';
 
+  @override
+  String freshnessSavedCopy(String age) {
+    return '연결할 수 없음 · $age 전 데이터 표시 중';
+  }
+
+  @override
+  String get freshnessSavedCopyUnknownAge => '연결할 수 없음 · 저장된 데이터 표시 중';
+
+  @override
+  String durationMinutes(int count) {
+    String _temp0 = intl.Intl.pluralLogic(
+      count,
+      locale: localeName,
+      other: '$count분',
+    );
+    return '$_temp0';
+  }
+
+  @override
+  String durationHours(int count) {
+    String _temp0 = intl.Intl.pluralLogic(
+      count,
+      locale: localeName,
+      other: '$count시간',
+    );
+    return '$_temp0';
+  }
+
+  @override
+  String durationDays(int count) {
+    String _temp0 = intl.Intl.pluralLogic(
+      count,
+      locale: localeName,
+      other: '$count일',
+    );
+    return '$_temp0';
+  }
+
   @override
   String get feedReplaying => '재생 중';
 
@@ -1815,6 +1853,14 @@ class AppLocalizationsKo extends AppLocalizations {
     return '데이터 시간 $time';
   }
 
+  @override
+  String get mapTimelineSemanticsLabel => '타임라인';
+
+  @override
+  String mapTimelineSemanticsValue(String era, String time, String date) {
+    return '$era $time, $date';
+  }
+
   @override
   String get radarScanRange => '스캔 범위 표시';
 
@@ -1884,10 +1930,10 @@ class AppLocalizationsKo extends AppLocalizations {
   String get regionAddButton => '지역 추가';
 
   @override
-  String get regionSearchHint => '시·도 검색';
+  String get regionSearchHint => '시·도 또는 읍·면·동 검색';
 
   @override
-  String get regionSearchEmpty => '일치하는 시·도가 없습니다';
+  String get regionSearchEmpty => '일치하는 지역이 없습니다';
 
   @override
   String get regionSearchTownHint => '읍·면·동 검색';
@@ -1895,6 +1941,9 @@ class AppLocalizationsKo extends AppLocalizations {
   @override
   String get regionSearchTownEmpty => '일치하는 읍·면·동이 없습니다';
 
+  @override
+  String get regionSearchTownsHeader => '읍·면·동';
+
   @override
   String get displaySettings => '화면';
 
diff --git a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_th.dart b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_th.dart
index 7f991bfc6..9b68d9135 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_th.dart
+++ b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_th.dart
@@ -643,6 +643,45 @@ class AppLocalizationsTh extends AppLocalizations {
   @override
   String get feedOffline => 'การเชื่อมต่อขาดหาย';
 
+  @override
+  String freshnessSavedCopy(String age) {
+    return 'เชื่อมต่อไม่ได้ · แสดงข้อมูลเมื่อ $ageที่แล้ว';
+  }
+
+  @override
+  String get freshnessSavedCopyUnknownAge =>
+      'เชื่อมต่อไม่ได้ · แสดงข้อมูลที่บันทึกไว้';
+
+  @override
+  String durationMinutes(int count) {
+    String _temp0 = intl.Intl.pluralLogic(
+      count,
+      locale: localeName,
+      other: '$count นาที',
+    );
+    return '$_temp0';
+  }
+
+  @override
+  String durationHours(int count) {
+    String _temp0 = intl.Intl.pluralLogic(
+      count,
+      locale: localeName,
+      other: '$count ชั่วโมง',
+    );
+    return '$_temp0';
+  }
+
+  @override
+  String durationDays(int count) {
+    String _temp0 = intl.Intl.pluralLogic(
+      count,
+      locale: localeName,
+      other: '$count วัน',
+    );
+    return '$_temp0';
+  }
+
   @override
   String get feedReplaying => 'กำลังเล่นซ้ำ';
 
@@ -1841,6 +1880,14 @@ class AppLocalizationsTh extends AppLocalizations {
     return 'เวลาข้อมูล $time';
   }
 
+  @override
+  String get mapTimelineSemanticsLabel => 'ไทม์ไลน์';
+
+  @override
+  String mapTimelineSemanticsValue(String era, String time, String date) {
+    return '$era $time, $date';
+  }
+
   @override
   String get radarScanRange => 'แสดงขอบเขตการสแกน';
 
@@ -1912,10 +1959,10 @@ class AppLocalizationsTh extends AppLocalizations {
   String get regionAddButton => 'เพิ่มพื้นที่';
 
   @override
-  String get regionSearchHint => 'ค้นหาจังหวัดและเมือง';
+  String get regionSearchHint => 'ค้นหาจังหวัด เมือง หรือตำบล';
 
   @override
-  String get regionSearchEmpty => 'ไม่พบจังหวัดหรือเมืองที่ตรงกัน';
+  String get regionSearchEmpty => 'ไม่พบจังหวัด เมือง หรือตำบลที่ตรงกัน';
 
   @override
   String get regionSearchTownHint => 'ค้นหาตำบล';
@@ -1923,6 +1970,9 @@ class AppLocalizationsTh extends AppLocalizations {
   @override
   String get regionSearchTownEmpty => 'ไม่พบตำบลที่ตรงกัน';
 
+  @override
+  String get regionSearchTownsHeader => 'ตำบล';
+
   @override
   String get displaySettings => 'การแสดงผล';
 
diff --git a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_vi.dart b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_vi.dart
index 55580275b..6bd54c51e 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_vi.dart
+++ b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_vi.dart
@@ -643,6 +643,45 @@ class AppLocalizationsVi extends AppLocalizations {
   @override
   String get feedOffline => 'Mất kết nối';
 
+  @override
+  String freshnessSavedCopy(String age) {
+    return 'Không thể kết nối · đang hiển thị dữ liệu từ $age trước';
+  }
+
+  @override
+  String get freshnessSavedCopyUnknownAge =>
+      'Không thể kết nối · đang hiển thị dữ liệu đã lưu';
+
+  @override
+  String durationMinutes(int count) {
+    String _temp0 = intl.Intl.pluralLogic(
+      count,
+      locale: localeName,
+      other: '$count phút',
+    );
+    return '$_temp0';
+  }
+
+  @override
+  String durationHours(int count) {
+    String _temp0 = intl.Intl.pluralLogic(
+      count,
+      locale: localeName,
+      other: '$count giờ',
+    );
+    return '$_temp0';
+  }
+
+  @override
+  String durationDays(int count) {
+    String _temp0 = intl.Intl.pluralLogic(
+      count,
+      locale: localeName,
+      other: '$count ngày',
+    );
+    return '$_temp0';
+  }
+
   @override
   String get feedReplaying => 'Đang phát lại';
 
@@ -1846,6 +1885,14 @@ class AppLocalizationsVi extends AppLocalizations {
     return 'Thời gian dữ liệu $time';
   }
 
+  @override
+  String get mapTimelineSemanticsLabel => 'Dòng thời gian';
+
+  @override
+  String mapTimelineSemanticsValue(String era, String time, String date) {
+    return '$era $time, $date';
+  }
+
   @override
   String get radarScanRange => 'Hiện phạm vi quét';
 
@@ -1917,10 +1964,11 @@ class AppLocalizationsVi extends AppLocalizations {
   String get regionAddButton => 'Thêm khu vực';
 
   @override
-  String get regionSearchHint => 'Tìm kiếm tỉnh và thành phố';
+  String get regionSearchHint => 'Tìm tỉnh, thành phố hoặc xã';
 
   @override
-  String get regionSearchEmpty => 'Không tìm thấy tỉnh/thành phố phù hợp';
+  String get regionSearchEmpty =>
+      'Không tìm thấy tỉnh/thành phố hoặc xã phù hợp';
 
   @override
   String get regionSearchTownHint => 'Tìm kiếm xã';
@@ -1928,6 +1976,9 @@ class AppLocalizationsVi extends AppLocalizations {
   @override
   String get regionSearchTownEmpty => 'Không tìm thấy xã phù hợp';
 
+  @override
+  String get regionSearchTownsHeader => 'Xã';
+
   @override
   String get displaySettings => 'Hiển thị';
 
diff --git a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_yue.dart b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_yue.dart
index 36ac9bf80..90bee844e 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_yue.dart
+++ b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_yue.dart
@@ -633,6 +633,44 @@ class AppLocalizationsYue extends AppLocalizations {
   @override
   String get feedOffline => '連接中斷';
 
+  @override
+  String freshnessSavedCopy(String age) {
+    return '連唔到網絡・顯示緊 $age前嘅資料';
+  }
+
+  @override
+  String get freshnessSavedCopyUnknownAge => '連唔到網絡・顯示緊之前儲存嘅資料';
+
+  @override
+  String durationMinutes(int count) {
+    String _temp0 = intl.Intl.pluralLogic(
+      count,
+      locale: localeName,
+      other: '$count 分鐘',
+    );
+    return '$_temp0';
+  }
+
+  @override
+  String durationHours(int count) {
+    String _temp0 = intl.Intl.pluralLogic(
+      count,
+      locale: localeName,
+      other: '$count 個鐘',
+    );
+    return '$_temp0';
+  }
+
+  @override
+  String durationDays(int count) {
+    String _temp0 = intl.Intl.pluralLogic(
+      count,
+      locale: localeName,
+      other: '$count 日',
+    );
+    return '$_temp0';
+  }
+
   @override
   String get feedReplaying => '重播緊';
 
@@ -1803,6 +1841,14 @@ class AppLocalizationsYue extends AppLocalizations {
     return '資料時間 $time';
   }
 
+  @override
+  String get mapTimelineSemanticsLabel => '時間軸';
+
+  @override
+  String mapTimelineSemanticsValue(String era, String time, String date) {
+    return '$era $time，$date';
+  }
+
   @override
   String get radarScanRange => '顯示掃描範圍';
 
@@ -1872,10 +1918,10 @@ class AppLocalizationsYue extends AppLocalizations {
   String get regionAddButton => '新增地區';
 
   @override
-  String get regionSearchHint => '搜尋縣市';
+  String get regionSearchHint => '搜尋縣市或鄉鎮';
 
   @override
-  String get regionSearchEmpty => '搵唔到符合嘅縣市';
+  String get regionSearchEmpty => '搵唔到符合嘅縣市或鄉鎮';
 
   @override
   String get regionSearchTownHint => '搜尋鄉鎮';
@@ -1883,6 +1929,9 @@ class AppLocalizationsYue extends AppLocalizations {
   @override
   String get regionSearchTownEmpty => '搵唔到符合嘅鄉鎮';
 
+  @override
+  String get regionSearchTownsHeader => '鄉鎮';
+
   @override
   String get displaySettings => '顯示設定';
 
diff --git a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_zh.dart b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_zh.dart
index f49dcc2d9..1aa4fcda5 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_zh.dart
+++ b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_zh.dart
@@ -633,6 +633,44 @@ class AppLocalizationsZh extends AppLocalizations {
   @override
   String get feedOffline => '連線中斷';
 
+  @override
+  String freshnessSavedCopy(String age) {
+    return '無法連線・顯示 $age前的資料';
+  }
+
+  @override
+  String get freshnessSavedCopyUnknownAge => '無法連線・顯示先前儲存的資料';
+
+  @override
+  String durationMinutes(int count) {
+    String _temp0 = intl.Intl.pluralLogic(
+      count,
+      locale: localeName,
+      other: '$count 分鐘',
+    );
+    return '$_temp0';
+  }
+
+  @override
+  String durationHours(int count) {
+    String _temp0 = intl.Intl.pluralLogic(
+      count,
+      locale: localeName,
+      other: '$count 小時',
+    );
+    return '$_temp0';
+  }
+
+  @override
+  String durationDays(int count) {
+    String _temp0 = intl.Intl.pluralLogic(
+      count,
+      locale: localeName,
+      other: '$count 天',
+    );
+    return '$_temp0';
+  }
+
   @override
   String get feedReplaying => '重播中';
 
@@ -1803,6 +1841,14 @@ class AppLocalizationsZh extends AppLocalizations {
     return '資料時間 $time';
   }
 
+  @override
+  String get mapTimelineSemanticsLabel => '時間軸';
+
+  @override
+  String mapTimelineSemanticsValue(String era, String time, String date) {
+    return '$era $time，$date';
+  }
+
   @override
   String get radarScanRange => '顯示掃描範圍';
 
@@ -1872,10 +1918,10 @@ class AppLocalizationsZh extends AppLocalizations {
   String get regionAddButton => '新增地區';
 
   @override
-  String get regionSearchHint => '搜尋縣市';
+  String get regionSearchHint => '搜尋縣市或鄉鎮市區';
 
   @override
-  String get regionSearchEmpty => '找不到符合的縣市';
+  String get regionSearchEmpty => '找不到符合的縣市或鄉鎮市區';
 
   @override
   String get regionSearchTownHint => '搜尋鄉鎮市區';
@@ -1883,6 +1929,9 @@ class AppLocalizationsZh extends AppLocalizations {
   @override
   String get regionSearchTownEmpty => '找不到符合的鄉鎮市區';
 
+  @override
+  String get regionSearchTownsHeader => '鄉鎮市區';
+
   @override
   String get displaySettings => '顯示設定';
 
@@ -4121,6 +4170,44 @@ class AppLocalizationsZhHans extends AppLocalizationsZh {
   @override
   String get feedOffline => '连接中断';
 
+  @override
+  String freshnessSavedCopy(String age) {
+    return '无法连接・显示 $age前的数据';
+  }
+
+  @override
+  String get freshnessSavedCopyUnknownAge => '无法连接・显示先前保存的数据';
+
+  @override
+  String durationMinutes(int count) {
+    String _temp0 = intl.Intl.pluralLogic(
+      count,
+      locale: localeName,
+      other: '$count 分钟',
+    );
+    return '$_temp0';
+  }
+
+  @override
+  String durationHours(int count) {
+    String _temp0 = intl.Intl.pluralLogic(
+      count,
+      locale: localeName,
+      other: '$count 小时',
+    );
+    return '$_temp0';
+  }
+
+  @override
+  String durationDays(int count) {
+    String _temp0 = intl.Intl.pluralLogic(
+      count,
+      locale: localeName,
+      other: '$count 天',
+    );
+    return '$_temp0';
+  }
+
   @override
   String get feedReplaying => '重播中';
 
@@ -5291,6 +5378,14 @@ class AppLocalizationsZhHans extends AppLocalizationsZh {
     return '资料时间 $time';
   }
 
+  @override
+  String get mapTimelineSemanticsLabel => '时间轴';
+
+  @override
+  String mapTimelineSemanticsValue(String era, String time, String date) {
+    return '$era $time，$date';
+  }
+
   @override
   String get radarScanRange => '显示扫描范围';
 
@@ -5360,10 +5455,10 @@ class AppLocalizationsZhHans extends AppLocalizationsZh {
   String get regionAddButton => '添加地区';
 
   @override
-  String get regionSearchHint => '搜索县市';
+  String get regionSearchHint => '搜索县市或乡镇市区';
 
   @override
-  String get regionSearchEmpty => '找不到符合的县市';
+  String get regionSearchEmpty => '找不到符合的县市或乡镇市区';
 
   @override
   String get regionSearchTownHint => '搜索乡镇市区';
@@ -5371,6 +5466,9 @@ class AppLocalizationsZhHans extends AppLocalizationsZh {
   @override
   String get regionSearchTownEmpty => '找不到符合的乡镇市区';
 
+  @override
+  String get regionSearchTownsHeader => '乡镇市区';
+
   @override
   String get displaySettings => '显示设置';
 
@@ -7608,6 +7706,44 @@ class AppLocalizationsZhHantHk extends AppLocalizationsZh {
   @override
   String get feedOffline => '連接中斷';
 
+  @override
+  String freshnessSavedCopy(String age) {
+    return '連唔到網絡・顯示緊 $age前嘅資料';
+  }
+
+  @override
+  String get freshnessSavedCopyUnknownAge => '連唔到網絡・顯示緊之前儲存嘅資料';
+
+  @override
+  String durationMinutes(int count) {
+    String _temp0 = intl.Intl.pluralLogic(
+      count,
+      locale: localeName,
+      other: '$count 分鐘',
+    );
+    return '$_temp0';
+  }
+
+  @override
+  String durationHours(int count) {
+    String _temp0 = intl.Intl.pluralLogic(
+      count,
+      locale: localeName,
+      other: '$count 個鐘',
+    );
+    return '$_temp0';
+  }
+
+  @override
+  String durationDays(int count) {
+    String _temp0 = intl.Intl.pluralLogic(
+      count,
+      locale: localeName,
+      other: '$count 日',
+    );
+    return '$_temp0';
+  }
+
   @override
   String get feedReplaying => '重播中';
 
@@ -8778,6 +8914,14 @@ class AppLocalizationsZhHantHk extends AppLocalizationsZh {
     return '資料時間 $time';
   }
 
+  @override
+  String get mapTimelineSemanticsLabel => '時間軸';
+
+  @override
+  String mapTimelineSemanticsValue(String era, String time, String date) {
+    return '$era $time，$date';
+  }
+
   @override
   String get radarScanRange => '顯示掃描範圍';
 
@@ -8847,10 +8991,10 @@ class AppLocalizationsZhHantHk extends AppLocalizationsZh {
   String get regionAddButton => '新增地區';
 
   @override
-  String get regionSearchHint => '搜尋縣市';
+  String get regionSearchHint => '搜尋縣市或鄉鎮';
 
   @override
-  String get regionSearchEmpty => '搵唔到符合嘅縣市';
+  String get regionSearchEmpty => '搵唔到符合嘅縣市或鄉鎮';
 
   @override
   String get regionSearchTownHint => '搜尋鄉鎮';
@@ -8858,6 +9002,9 @@ class AppLocalizationsZhHantHk extends AppLocalizationsZh {
   @override
   String get regionSearchTownEmpty => '搵唔到符合嘅鄉鎮';
 
+  @override
+  String get regionSearchTownsHeader => '鄉鎮';
+
   @override
   String get displaySettings => '顯示設定';
 
@@ -11096,6 +11243,44 @@ class AppLocalizationsZhTw extends AppLocalizationsZh {
   @override
   String get feedOffline => '連線中斷';
 
+  @override
+  String freshnessSavedCopy(String age) {
+    return '無法連線・顯示 $age前的資料';
+  }
+
+  @override
+  String get freshnessSavedCopyUnknownAge => '無法連線・顯示先前儲存的資料';
+
+  @override
+  String durationMinutes(int count) {
+    String _temp0 = intl.Intl.pluralLogic(
+      count,
+      locale: localeName,
+      other: '$count 分鐘',
+    );
+    return '$_temp0';
+  }
+
+  @override
+  String durationHours(int count) {
+    String _temp0 = intl.Intl.pluralLogic(
+      count,
+      locale: localeName,
+      other: '$count 小時',
+    );
+    return '$_temp0';
+  }
+
+  @override
+  String durationDays(int count) {
+    String _temp0 = intl.Intl.pluralLogic(
+      count,
+      locale: localeName,
+      other: '$count 天',
+    );
+    return '$_temp0';
+  }
+
   @override
   String get feedReplaying => '重播中';
 
@@ -12266,6 +12451,14 @@ class AppLocalizationsZhTw extends AppLocalizationsZh {
     return '資料時間 $time';
   }
 
+  @override
+  String get mapTimelineSemanticsLabel => '時間軸';
+
+  @override
+  String mapTimelineSemanticsValue(String era, String time, String date) {
+    return '$era $time，$date';
+  }
+
   @override
   String get radarScanRange => '顯示掃描範圍';
 
@@ -12335,10 +12528,10 @@ class AppLocalizationsZhTw extends AppLocalizationsZh {
   String get regionAddButton => '新增地區';
 
   @override
-  String get regionSearchHint => '搜尋縣市';
+  String get regionSearchHint => '搜尋縣市或鄉鎮市區';
 
   @override
-  String get regionSearchEmpty => '找不到符合的縣市';
+  String get regionSearchEmpty => '找不到符合的縣市或鄉鎮市區';
 
   @override
   String get regionSearchTownHint => '搜尋鄉鎮市區';
@@ -12346,6 +12539,9 @@ class AppLocalizationsZhTw extends AppLocalizationsZh {
   @override
   String get regionSearchTownEmpty => '找不到符合的鄉鎮市區';
 
+  @override
+  String get regionSearchTownsHeader => '鄉鎮市區';
+
   @override
   String get displaySettings => '顯示設定';
 
diff --git a/lib/shared/map/map_timeline.dart b/lib/shared/map/map_timeline.dart
index 2d28844e6..e40e983b8 100644
--- a/lib/shared/map/map_timeline.dart
+++ b/lib/shared/map/map_timeline.dart
@@ -301,16 +301,51 @@ class _MapTimelineState extends State<MapTimeline> {
   /// The big time label: the selected instant, or — when the layer's frames
   /// each cover a period — the range that instant starts, so "21:00" is read
   /// as "21:00–22:00" rather than a point measurement.
-  String get _bigLabel {
-    final start = _times[_liveIndex];
+  String get _bigLabel => _labelFor(_liveIndex);
+
+  String _labelFor(int index) {
+    final start = _times[index];
     final period = widget.framePeriod;
     if (period == null) return start;
-    final end = _time.format(
-      widget.frames[_liveIndex].time.toLocal().add(period),
-    );
+    final end = _time.format(widget.frames[index].time.toLocal().add(period));
     return '$start – $end';
   }
 
+  /// What a screen reader announces for frame [index]: its era, the same time
+  /// label the header shows, and its date — "Past 07:10, 2026/07/13".
+  String _semanticValue(AppLocalizations l10n, int index, int nowIndex) =>
+      l10n.mapTimelineSemanticsValue(
+        _eraWord(l10n, _eraOf(index, nowIndex)),
+        _labelFor(index),
+        _dates[index],
+      );
+
+  static String _eraWord(AppLocalizations l10n, TimelineEra era) =>
+      switch (era) {
+        TimelineEra.past => l10n.mapTimelinePast,
+        TimelineEra.now => l10n.mapTimelineNow,
+        TimelineEra.future => l10n.mapTimelineFuture,
+      };
+
+  /// Moves the selection one frame by [delta] — the slider's increase and
+  /// decrease actions, the only way a screen-reader user can scrub, since the
+  /// ruler itself is a drag target with nothing to focus.
+  ///
+  /// Goes through the same scroll a finger would: the jump emits the usual
+  /// start / update / end notifications, so [_onScroll] reports the frame and
+  /// the scrub settles through its quiet window exactly as after a short
+  /// fling. Only when the ruler has not laid out yet is the frame reported
+  /// directly.
+  void _step(int delta) {
+    final target = (_liveIndex + delta).clamp(0, widget.frames.length - 1);
+    if (target == _liveIndex) return;
+    _centreOn(target, animate: false);
+    if (_liveIndex != target) {
+      _publishLiveIndex(target);
+      widget.onSelected(target);
+    }
+  }
+
   @override
   void initState() {
     super.initState();
@@ -504,15 +539,10 @@ class _MapTimelineState extends State<MapTimeline> {
             crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.baseline,
             textBaseline: TextBaseline.alphabetic,
             children: [
-              Text(switch (era) {
-                TimelineEra.past => AppLocalizations.of(
-                  context,
-                ).mapTimelinePast,
-                TimelineEra.now => AppLocalizations.of(context).mapTimelineNow,
-                TimelineEra.future => AppLocalizations.of(
-                  context,
-                ).mapTimelineFuture,
-              }, style: theme.textTheme.titleMedium?.copyWith(color: color)),
+              Text(
+                _eraWord(AppLocalizations.of(context), era),
+                style: theme.textTheme.titleMedium?.copyWith(color: color),
+              ),
               const SizedBox(width: AppSpacing.sm),
               Text(
                 _bigLabel,
@@ -630,68 +660,103 @@ class _MapTimelineState extends State<MapTimeline> {
           },
         ),
         const SizedBox(height: AppSpacing.xs),
-        SizedBox(
-          height: _rulerHeight,
-          child: Stack(
-            alignment: Alignment.center,
-            children: [
-              LayoutBuilder(
-                builder: (context, constraints) {
-                  final pad = (constraints.maxWidth - widget.itemExtent) / 2;
-                  // ListView.builder (not a Row) so a week of frames only ever
-                  // builds the ~dozens of ticks on screen. itemExtent keeps the
-                  // centring math: offset `i * itemExtent` centres frame `i`.
-                  return _TickEmphasis(
-                    live: _live,
-                    child: NotificationListener<ScrollNotification>(
-                      onNotification: _onScroll,
-                      child: ListView.builder(
-                        controller: _scroll,
-                        scrollDirection: Axis.horizontal,
-                        physics: const _ScrubPhysics(),
-                        // A tick is a hairline and a label — cheaper to repaint
-                        // than to composite, and the whole ruler moves together
-                        // when scrubbed, so per-child layers would all be
-                        // invalidated at once anyway. Nothing here holds state
-                        // worth keeping alive off screen either: [_Tick] is
-                        // stateless and rebuilt from `frames` on demand.
-                        addRepaintBoundaries: false,
-                        addAutomaticKeepAlives: false,
-                        padding: EdgeInsets.symmetric(horizontal: pad),
-                        itemExtent: widget.itemExtent,
-                        itemCount: widget.frames.length,
-                        itemBuilder: (context, i) => _Tick(
-                          width: widget.itemExtent,
-                          label: i % labelStep == 0 ? _times[i] : null,
-                          labelColor: switch (_eraOf(i, nowIndex)) {
-                            TimelineEra.past => eraColors.past,
-                            TimelineEra.now => eraColors.now,
-                            TimelineEra.future => eraColors.future,
-                          },
-                          emphasised: _TickEmphasis.of(context, i),
-                          colors: colors,
-                          textStyle: theme.textTheme.labelSmall,
-                        ),
-                      ),
+        // One adjustable node in place of a strip of tick labels: a screen
+        // reader focuses "timeline, Past 07:10", and swiping up / down steps a
+        // frame. The ruler's own semantics — dozens of time labels and a
+        // horizontal scroll — would leave nothing to adjust.
+        ValueListenableBuilder<int>(
+          valueListenable: _live,
+          builder: (context, liveIndex, ruler) {
+            final last = widget.frames.length - 1;
+            return Semantics(
+              container: true,
+              slider: true,
+              label: l10n.mapTimelineSemanticsLabel,
+              value: _semanticValue(l10n, liveIndex, nowIndex),
+              increasedValue: liveIndex < last
+                  ? _semanticValue(l10n, liveIndex + 1, nowIndex)
+                  : null,
+              decreasedValue: liveIndex > 0
+                  ? _semanticValue(l10n, liveIndex - 1, nowIndex)
+                  : null,
+              onIncrease: liveIndex < last ? () => _step(1) : null,
+              onDecrease: liveIndex > 0 ? () => _step(-1) : null,
+              child: ExcludeSemantics(child: ruler),
+            );
+          },
+          child: _buildRuler(theme, colors, nowIndex, labelStep, eraColors),
+        ),
+      ],
+    );
+  }
+
+  Widget _buildRuler(
+    ThemeData theme,
+    ColorScheme colors,
+    int nowIndex,
+    int labelStep,
+    ({Color past, Color now, Color future}) eraColors,
+  ) {
+    return SizedBox(
+      height: _rulerHeight,
+      child: Stack(
+        alignment: Alignment.center,
+        children: [
+          LayoutBuilder(
+            builder: (context, constraints) {
+              final pad = (constraints.maxWidth - widget.itemExtent) / 2;
+              // ListView.builder (not a Row) so a week of frames only ever
+              // builds the ~dozens of ticks on screen. itemExtent keeps the
+              // centring math: offset `i * itemExtent` centres frame `i`.
+              return _TickEmphasis(
+                live: _live,
+                child: NotificationListener<ScrollNotification>(
+                  onNotification: _onScroll,
+                  child: ListView.builder(
+                    controller: _scroll,
+                    scrollDirection: Axis.horizontal,
+                    physics: const _ScrubPhysics(),
+                    // A tick is a hairline and a label — cheaper to repaint
+                    // than to composite, and the whole ruler moves together
+                    // when scrubbed, so per-child layers would all be
+                    // invalidated at once anyway. Nothing here holds state
+                    // worth keeping alive off screen either: [_Tick] is
+                    // stateless and rebuilt from `frames` on demand.
+                    addRepaintBoundaries: false,
+                    addAutomaticKeepAlives: false,
+                    padding: EdgeInsets.symmetric(horizontal: pad),
+                    itemExtent: widget.itemExtent,
+                    itemCount: widget.frames.length,
+                    itemBuilder: (context, i) => _Tick(
+                      width: widget.itemExtent,
+                      label: i % labelStep == 0 ? _times[i] : null,
+                      labelColor: switch (_eraOf(i, nowIndex)) {
+                        TimelineEra.past => eraColors.past,
+                        TimelineEra.now => eraColors.now,
+                        TimelineEra.future => eraColors.future,
+                      },
+                      emphasised: _TickEmphasis.of(context, i),
+                      colors: colors,
+                      textStyle: theme.textTheme.labelSmall,
                     ),
-                  );
-                },
-              ),
-              // Fixed centre scrubber.
-              IgnorePointer(
-                child: Container(
-                  width: 2.5,
-                  height: 28,
-                  decoration: BoxDecoration(
-                    color: colors.primary,
-                    borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(2),
                   ),
                 ),
+              );
+            },
+          ),
+          // Fixed centre scrubber.
+          IgnorePointer(
+            child: Container(
+              width: 2.5,
+              height: 28,
+              decoration: BoxDecoration(
+                color: colors.primary,
+                borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(2),
               ),
-            ],
+            ),
           ),
-        ),
-      ],
+        ],
+      ),
     );
   }
 }
diff --git a/lib/shared/map/wavefront_cadence.dart b/lib/shared/map/wavefront_cadence.dart
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..497c11040
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/shared/map/wavefront_cadence.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/// How often the EEW wave-front rings are redrawn, by device class — shared by
+/// the live monitor and the report replay so both surfaces animate alike.
+library;
+
+import 'package:dpip/core/platform/render_tier.dart';
+
+/// The redraw interval for the P/S wave-front rings on a [tier] device.
+///
+/// The rings are real polygon geometry, not a paint property MapLibre can
+/// tween, so this interval *is* the animation's frame rate — and every frame
+/// is a GeoJSON serialisation, a platform-channel hop and a re-tessellation on
+/// the map's own thread.
+///
+/// - [RenderTier.high]: 16 ms, about display rate, for an expansion that reads
+///   as continuous motion.
+/// - [RenderTier.low]: 200 ms (5 Hz). On a 2–4 GB phone sixty ring uploads a
+///   second compete with the map's rendering and the alert UI for the same
+///   few cores, during the minute it matters most that both stay responsive.
+///   The cost is smoothness, not accuracy: each redraw is computed from the
+///   calibrated clock when it is sent, so a ring is never more than 200 ms
+///   behind the model — the S wave moves about 0.7 km and the P wave about
+///   1.2 km in that time, roughly a pixel at island zoom and well inside the
+///   travel-time model's own uncertainty. Zoomed in to a city, the expansion
+///   visibly steps rather than glides.
+Duration wavefrontTick(RenderTier tier) => switch (tier) {
+  RenderTier.high => const Duration(milliseconds: 16),
+  RenderTier.low => const Duration(milliseconds: 200),
+};
diff --git a/lib/shared/widgets/async_view.dart b/lib/shared/widgets/async_view.dart
index 366307737..bee28f9fb 100644
--- a/lib/shared/widgets/async_view.dart
+++ b/lib/shared/widgets/async_view.dart
@@ -3,12 +3,16 @@ import 'package:dpip/core/error/result.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/l10n/gen/app_localizations.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/shared/widgets/empty_view.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/shared/widgets/error_view.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/shared/widgets/freshness_banner.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/shared/widgets/loading_view.dart';
 import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
 
 /// Renders a one-shot `Future<Result<T>>` to the async-state contract:
 /// waiting → loading, [Ok] → [builder] (or [empty] when [isEmpty]), [Err] →
 /// error with "couldn't load data, please try again" and a **retry** button.
+/// An [Ok] that is a saved copy ([Ok.stale] — the source was unreachable)
+/// renders like any other, under a [FreshnessBanner] saying how old it is:
+/// shown, but never as current.
 /// Pairs with the repository `Result` contract so a feature never hand-rolls a
 /// `FutureBuilder` that drops the error case into a blank screen.
 ///
@@ -73,6 +77,10 @@ class _AsyncViewState<T> extends State<AsyncView<T>> {
   /// news you already had.
   T? _loaded;
 
+  /// Whether [_loaded] is a saved copy, so it keeps its banner while a
+  /// refresh is in flight.
+  Staleness? _loadedStale;
+
   @override
   void initState() {
     super.initState();
@@ -112,16 +120,31 @@ class _AsyncViewState<T> extends State<AsyncView<T>> {
 
   /// The success UI for [value] — the empty state when [AsyncView.isEmpty] says
   /// so, else the caller's builder.
-  Widget _content(BuildContext context, T value) {
+  Widget _content(BuildContext context, T value, Staleness? stale) {
     _loaded = value;
-    if (widget.isEmpty?.call(value) ?? false) {
-      return widget.empty?.call(context) ??
-          EmptyView(
-            icon: Icons.inbox_outlined,
-            message: AppLocalizations.of(context).commonEmpty,
-          );
-    }
-    return widget.builder(context, value);
+    _loadedStale = stale;
+    final content = (widget.isEmpty?.call(value) ?? false)
+        ? widget.empty?.call(context) ??
+              EmptyView(
+                icon: Icons.inbox_outlined,
+                message: AppLocalizations.of(context).commonEmpty,
+              )
+        : widget.builder(context, value);
+    if (stale == null) return content;
+    final banner = FreshnessBanner.saved(staleness: stale);
+    // Most hosts give this view a bounded box and a scrollable builder, which
+    // needs the rest of the height; one laid out in a column of its own sizes
+    // to its content instead.
+    return LayoutBuilder(
+      builder: (context, constraints) => constraints.hasBoundedHeight
+          ? Column(
+              children: [
+                banner,
+                Expanded(child: content),
+              ],
+            )
+          : Column(mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min, children: [banner, content]),
+    );
   }
 
   @override
@@ -135,7 +158,9 @@ class _AsyncViewState<T> extends State<AsyncView<T>> {
       builder: (context, snapshot) {
         if (snapshot.connectionState != ConnectionState.done) {
           final previous = _loaded;
-          if (previous != null) return _content(context, previous);
+          if (previous != null) {
+            return _content(context, previous, _loadedStale);
+          }
           return widget.loading?.call(context) ?? const LoadingView();
         }
         // Repositories return Result and don't throw; a raw error here is
@@ -144,7 +169,7 @@ class _AsyncViewState<T> extends State<AsyncView<T>> {
           return ErrorView(headline: l10n.commonFetchFailed, onRetry: _retry);
         }
         return switch (snapshot.data!) {
-          Ok(:final value) => _content(context, value),
+          Ok(:final value, :final stale) => _content(context, value, stale),
           Err(:final failure) =>
             widget.error?.call(context, failure, _retry) ??
                 ErrorView(headline: l10n.commonFetchFailed, onRetry: _retry),
diff --git a/lib/shared/widgets/freshness_banner.dart b/lib/shared/widgets/freshness_banner.dart
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..77e73a1a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/shared/widgets/freshness_banner.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+/// The "still showing data, but it is not current" strip — one look for every
+/// surface that can put aged data on screen, realtime feed or one-shot list.
+library;
+
+import 'package:dpip/app/theme/app_spacing.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/core/error/result.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/core/realtime/app_time.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/core/realtime/realtime_state.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/l10n/gen/app_localizations.dart';
+import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
+
+/// A thin banner flagging that the data below it is not current.
+///
+/// - [FreshnessBanner.feed]: a realtime feed has aged (`stale`) or dropped
+///   (`offline`) — what [RealtimeView] puts over its last snapshot.
+/// - [FreshnessBanner.saved]: a one-shot fetch could not reach its source and
+///   the screen shows the copy saved last time ([Staleness]), with how old
+///   that copy is when it is known.
+class FreshnessBanner extends StatelessWidget {
+  /// For a realtime feed in [status] — `stale` or `offline`.
+  const FreshnessBanner.feed({super.key, required RealtimeStatus this.status})
+    : staleness = null;
+
+  /// For a saved copy shown in place of a current answer.
+  const FreshnessBanner.saved({super.key, required Staleness this.staleness})
+    : status = null;
+
+  /// The feed's status, for [FreshnessBanner.feed].
+  final RealtimeStatus? status;
+
+  /// Why and since when the data is a saved copy, for [FreshnessBanner.saved].
+  final Staleness? staleness;
+
+  @override
+  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
+    final l10n = AppLocalizations.of(context);
+    final colors = Theme.of(context).colorScheme;
+    final saved = staleness;
+
+    final (
+      Color background,
+      Color foreground,
+      IconData icon,
+      String label,
+    ) = saved != null
+        ? (
+            colors.errorContainer,
+            colors.onErrorContainer,
+            Icons.cloud_off_outlined,
+            switch (saved.since) {
+              final since? => l10n.freshnessSavedCopy(
+                ageLabel(l10n, AppTime.utc.difference(since)),
+              ),
+              null => l10n.freshnessSavedCopyUnknownAge,
+            },
+          )
+        : switch (status) {
+            RealtimeStatus.offline => (
+              colors.errorContainer,
+              colors.onErrorContainer,
+              Icons.cloud_off_outlined,
+              l10n.feedOffline,
+            ),
+            _ => (
+              colors.tertiaryContainer,
+              colors.onTertiaryContainer,
+              Icons.schedule,
+              l10n.feedStale,
+            ),
+          };
+
+    return Material(
+      color: background,
+      child: Padding(
+        padding: const EdgeInsets.symmetric(
+          horizontal: AppSpacing.lg,
+          vertical: AppSpacing.sm,
+        ),
+        child: Row(
+          children: [
+            Icon(icon, size: 18, color: foreground),
+            const SizedBox(width: AppSpacing.sm),
+            // Expanded: the saved-copy line carries an age and runs longer
+            // than one line in some languages.
+            Expanded(
+              child: Text(
+                label,
+                style: Theme.of(context).textTheme.labelLarge
+                    ?.copyWith(color: foreground),
+              ),
+            ),
+          ],
+        ),
+      ),
+    );
+  }
+
+  /// [age] as the coarsest whole unit that still says something: minutes
+  /// under an hour, hours under two days, days beyond. Never "0 minutes" —
+  /// a copy is at least a minute old by the time anyone reads the label —
+  /// and a negative age (a clock that moved) reads as the minimum too.
+  static String ageLabel(AppLocalizations l10n, Duration age) {
+    if (age < const Duration(hours: 1)) {
+      return l10n.durationMinutes(age.inMinutes < 1 ? 1 : age.inMinutes);
+    }
+    if (age < const Duration(days: 2)) return l10n.durationHours(age.inHours);
+    return l10n.durationDays(age.inDays);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lib/shared/widgets/realtime_view.dart b/lib/shared/widgets/realtime_view.dart
index 6eefcd571..b835d74e9 100644
--- a/lib/shared/widgets/realtime_view.dart
+++ b/lib/shared/widgets/realtime_view.dart
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-import 'package:dpip/app/theme/app_spacing.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/error/failure.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/realtime/realtime_state.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/l10n/gen/app_localizations.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/shared/widgets/error_view.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/shared/widgets/freshness_banner.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/shared/widgets/loading_view.dart';
 import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
 
@@ -71,64 +71,9 @@ class RealtimeView<T> extends StatelessWidget {
 
     return Column(
       children: [
-        _FreshnessBanner(status: state.status),
+        FreshnessBanner.feed(status: state.status),
         Expanded(child: content),
       ],
     );
   }
 }
-
-/// A thin banner flagging that shown data has aged (stale) or the feed dropped
-/// (offline) — the "still showing last known data, but…" affordance.
-class _FreshnessBanner extends StatelessWidget {
-  const _FreshnessBanner({required this.status});
-
-  final RealtimeStatus status;
-
-  @override
-  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
-    final l10n = AppLocalizations.of(context);
-    final colors = Theme.of(context).colorScheme;
-
-    final (
-      Color background,
-      Color foreground,
-      IconData icon,
-      String label,
-    ) = switch (status) {
-      RealtimeStatus.offline => (
-        colors.errorContainer,
-        colors.onErrorContainer,
-        Icons.cloud_off_outlined,
-        l10n.feedOffline,
-      ),
-      _ => (
-        colors.tertiaryContainer,
-        colors.onTertiaryContainer,
-        Icons.schedule,
-        l10n.feedStale,
-      ),
-    };
-
-    return Material(
-      color: background,
-      child: Padding(
-        padding: const EdgeInsets.symmetric(
-          horizontal: AppSpacing.lg,
-          vertical: AppSpacing.sm,
-        ),
-        child: Row(
-          children: [
-            Icon(icon, size: 18, color: foreground),
-            const SizedBox(width: AppSpacing.sm),
-            Text(
-              label,
-              style: Theme.of(context).textTheme.labelLarge
-                  ?.copyWith(color: foreground),
-            ),
-          ],
-        ),
-      ),
-    );
-  }
-}
diff --git a/test/app/router/app_router_test.dart b/test/app/router/app_router_test.dart
index d9312f567..014f7ef2e 100644
--- a/test/app/router/app_router_test.dart
+++ b/test/app/router/app_router_test.dart
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ import 'package:dpip/features/onboarding/presentation/pages/onboarding_page.dart
 import 'package:dpip/features/weather/domain/radar_repository.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/features/weather/weather_providers.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/l10n/gen/app_localizations.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/shared/navigation/app_routes.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/shared/map/raster_frame_source.dart';
 import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart';
 import 'package:flutter/gestures.dart';
@@ -99,6 +100,74 @@ void main() {
     expect(find.byType(SizedBox), findsOneWidget);
   });
 
+  testWidgets('a malformed link reaches no builder that throws', (
+    tester,
+  ) async {
+    await tester.pumpWidget(const MaterialApp(home: SizedBox.shrink()));
+    final context = tester.element(find.byType(SizedBox));
+    final malformed = [
+      _state('/', uri: '/x/abc?t=abc&tab=%20', id: 'abc', city: ' '),
+      _state('/', uri: '/x', id: null, city: null),
+    ];
+    for (final state in malformed) {
+      final built = <Widget>[];
+      _walk(appRouter.configuration.routes, context, built, state: state);
+      expect(built, isNotEmpty);
+    }
+    expect(tester.takeException(), isNull);
+  });
+
+  test('every parameterised route sends a link it cannot honour elsewhere', () {
+    final checked = <String>[];
+    void visit(List<RouteBase> routes) {
+      for (final route in routes) {
+        switch (route) {
+          case GoRoute():
+            final params = RegExp(r':(\w+)').allMatches(route.path);
+            final takesT = route.name == AppRoutes.earthquakeReplay;
+            if (params.isNotEmpty || takesT) {
+              expect(
+                route.redirect,
+                isNotNull,
+                reason: '${route.name} reads parameters a link controls',
+              );
+              final state = _state(
+                route.path,
+                uri: '/x/abc?t=abc',
+                id: 'abc',
+                city: ' ',
+              );
+              final target = route.redirect!(_NoContext(), state);
+              // A report id is free-form text, so `abc` is a fine id; every
+              // other route here must refuse the malformed value.
+              if (route.name != AppRoutes.earthquakeReport) {
+                expect(target, isNotNull, reason: route.name);
+              }
+              checked.add(route.name!);
+            }
+            visit(route.routes);
+          case StatefulShellRoute():
+            for (final branch in route.branches) {
+              visit(branch.routes);
+            }
+          default:
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    visit(appRouter.configuration.routes);
+    expect(
+      checked,
+      containsAll([
+        AppRoutes.earthquakeReport,
+        AppRoutes.earthquakeReplay,
+        AppRoutes.regionSelectCity,
+        AppRoutes.bugThread,
+      ]),
+    );
+  });
+
   testWidgets('an unfinished welcome stays put until the refresh fires', (
     tester,
   ) async {
@@ -375,18 +444,23 @@ class _WidgetRain implements RainHourTrendRepository {
       Ok(RainHourTrend(startSecond: 0, mm: List.filled(60, 0)));
 }
 
-void _walk(List<RouteBase> routes, BuildContext context, List<Widget> built) {
+void _walk(
+  List<RouteBase> routes,
+  BuildContext context,
+  List<Widget> built, {
+  GoRouterState? state,
+}) {
   for (final route in routes) {
     switch (route) {
       case GoRoute():
         final builder = route.builder;
         if (builder != null) {
-          built.add(builder(context, _state(route.path)));
+          built.add(builder(context, state ?? _state(route.path)));
         }
-        _walk(route.routes, context, built);
+        _walk(route.routes, context, built, state: state);
       case StatefulShellRoute():
         for (final branch in route.branches) {
-          _walk(branch.routes, context, built);
+          _walk(branch.routes, context, built, state: state);
         }
       default:
         break;
@@ -394,17 +468,25 @@ void _walk(List<RouteBase> routes, BuildContext context, List<Widget> built) {
   }
 }
 
-GoRouterState _state(String path) => GoRouterState(
+GoRouterState _state(
+  String path, {
+  String uri = '/x/42?t=1700000000&tab=temp&replace=6300100&returnToMore=1',
+  String? id = '42',
+  String? city = 'Taipei',
+}) => GoRouterState(
   appRouter.configuration,
-  uri: Uri.parse('/x/42?t=1700000000&tab=temp&replace=6300100&returnToMore=1'),
+  uri: Uri.parse(uri),
   matchedLocation: '/x/42',
   name: path,
   path: path,
   fullPath: path,
-  pathParameters: const {'id': '42', 'city': 'Taipei'},
+  pathParameters: {'id': ?id, 'city': ?city},
   pageKey: ValueKey<String>(path),
 );
 
+/// The route-level redirects read only the state; none touches its context.
+class _NoContext extends Fake implements BuildContext {}
+
 ChangeNotifierProvider<RealtimeNotifier<List<Eew>>> _eew() =>
     ChangeNotifierProvider<RealtimeNotifier<List<Eew>>>(
       create: (_) => RealtimeNotifier<List<Eew>>(
diff --git a/test/app/router/route_params_test.dart b/test/app/router/route_params_test.dart
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..33bde391f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/app/router/route_params_test.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+/// Malformed deep links: every parameterised route turns a link it cannot
+/// honour into the nearest page that can, instead of throwing from its builder.
+///
+/// The router here mirrors the shape of `appRouter`'s parameterised routes —
+/// same names, same paths, the same redirect functions — with stand-in pages,
+/// so a test can follow a real navigation without bootstrapping every feature.
+/// `app_router_test.dart` separately runs the real table's builders and
+/// redirects against malformed parameters.
+library;
+
+import 'package:dpip/app/router/route_params.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/shared/navigation/app_routes.dart';
+import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
+import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
+import 'package:go_router/go_router.dart';
+
+GoRouter _router(String initialLocation) => GoRouter(
+  initialLocation: initialLocation,
+  routes: [
+    GoRoute(
+      path: AppRoutes.dataPath,
+      name: AppRoutes.data,
+      builder: (_, _) => const Text('data'),
+      routes: [
+        GoRoute(
+          path: AppRoutes.earthquakePath,
+          name: AppRoutes.earthquake,
+          builder: (_, _) => const Text('reports'),
+          routes: [
+            GoRoute(
+              path: AppRoutes.earthquakeReportPath,
+              name: AppRoutes.earthquakeReport,
+              redirect: reportRedirect,
+              builder: (_, state) =>
+                  Text('report ${state.pathParameters['id']}'),
+              routes: [
+                GoRoute(
+                  path: AppRoutes.earthquakeReplayPath,
+                  name: AppRoutes.earthquakeReplay,
+                  redirect: replayRedirect,
+                  builder: (_, state) =>
+                      Text('replay ${replayTimestampOf(state)}'),
+                ),
+              ],
+            ),
+          ],
+        ),
+      ],
+    ),
+    GoRoute(
+      path: AppRoutes.regionSelectPath,
+      name: AppRoutes.regionSelect,
+      builder: (_, state) => Text('cities ${state.uri.query}'),
+      routes: [
+        GoRoute(
+          path: AppRoutes.regionSelectCityPath,
+          name: AppRoutes.regionSelectCity,
+          redirect: regionCityRedirect,
+          builder: (_, state) => Text('city ${state.pathParameters['city']}'),
+        ),
+      ],
+    ),
+    GoRoute(
+      path: AppRoutes.bugTrackerPath,
+      name: AppRoutes.bugTracker,
+      builder: (_, _) => const Text('threads'),
+      routes: [
+        GoRoute(
+          path: AppRoutes.bugThreadPath,
+          name: AppRoutes.bugThread,
+          redirect: bugThreadRedirect,
+          builder: (_, state) => Text('thread ${bugThreadIdOf(state)}'),
+        ),
+      ],
+    ),
+  ],
+);
+
+Future<void> _open(WidgetTester tester, String location) async {
+  await tester.pumpWidget(MaterialApp.router(routerConfig: _router(location)));
+  await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+  expect(tester.takeException(), isNull);
+}
+
+void main() {
+  group('positiveIntParam', () {
+    test('reads a positive integer, ignoring surrounding space', () {
+      expect(positiveIntParam('1700000000000'), 1700000000000);
+      expect(positiveIntParam(' 42 '), 42);
+    });
+
+    test('is null for anything that is not one', () {
+      for (final raw in [null, '', '  ', 'abc', '12abc', '1.5', '0', '-3']) {
+        expect(positiveIntParam(raw), isNull, reason: '"$raw"');
+      }
+      // Beyond 64 bits: tryParse refuses it rather than wrapping around.
+      expect(positiveIntParam('99999999999999999999999'), isNull);
+    });
+  });
+
+  test('nonBlankParam keeps text and drops blanks', () {
+    expect(nonBlankParam('臺北市'), '臺北市');
+    expect(nonBlankParam(null), isNull);
+    expect(nonBlankParam(''), isNull);
+    expect(nonBlankParam(' \t'), isNull);
+  });
+
+  group('the replay link', () {
+    testWidgets('with a start instant opens the replay', (tester) async {
+      await _open(tester, '/data/earthquake/114001/replay?t=1700000000000');
+      expect(find.text('replay 1700000000000'), findsOneWidget);
+    });
+
+    for (final query in ['', '?t=', '?t=abc', '?t=-5', '?t=0', '?t=1.5']) {
+      testWidgets('without a usable t ("$query") opens its report', (
+        tester,
+      ) async {
+        await _open(tester, '/data/earthquake/114001/replay$query');
+        expect(find.text('report 114001'), findsOneWidget);
+      });
+    }
+  });
+
+  testWidgets('a blank report id opens the catalogue', (tester) async {
+    await _open(tester, '/data/earthquake/%20');
+    expect(find.text('reports'), findsOneWidget);
+  });
+
+  group('the bug thread link', () {
+    testWidgets('with a thread number opens the thread', (tester) async {
+      await _open(tester, '/bug-tracker/thread/17');
+      expect(find.text('thread 17'), findsOneWidget);
+    });
+
+    for (final id in ['abc', '0', '-1', '%20']) {
+      testWidgets('with "$id" opens the thread list', (tester) async {
+        await _open(tester, '/bug-tracker/thread/$id');
+        expect(find.text('threads'), findsOneWidget);
+      });
+    }
+  });
+
+  testWidgets('a blank city opens the city list and keeps the flow', (
+    tester,
+  ) async {
+    await _open(tester, '/region-select/%20?replace=100&returnToMore=1');
+    expect(find.text('cities replace=100&returnToMore=1'), findsOneWidget);
+  });
+
+  testWidgets('a city opens its townships', (tester) async {
+    await _open(tester, '/region-select/${Uri.encodeComponent('臺北市')}');
+    expect(find.text('city 臺北市'), findsOneWidget);
+  });
+}
diff --git a/test/core/geo/place_search_test.dart b/test/core/geo/place_search_test.dart
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b35caab35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/core/geo/place_search_test.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+import 'package:dpip/core/geo/place_search.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/core/geo/town.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/core/geo/town_directory.dart';
+import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
+
+Town _town(String code, String city, String cityLevel, String town) => Town(
+  code: code,
+  city: city,
+  town: town,
+  lat: 25,
+  lng: 121,
+  cityLevel: cityLevel,
+  townLevel: '區',
+);
+
+/// Spelled the way the bundled directory spells it: 臺, never 台.
+final _directory = TownDirectory({
+  '100': _town('100', '臺北', '市', '中正'),
+  '103': _town('103', '臺北', '市', '大同'),
+  '200': _town('200', '基隆', '市', '中正'),
+  '220': _town('220', '新北', '市', '板橋'),
+  '950': _town('950', '臺東', '縣', '臺東'),
+});
+
+List<String> _codes(List<Town> towns) => [for (final t in towns) t.code];
+
+void main() {
+  group('foldPlaceName', () {
+    test('folds 臺 to 台, so both spellings compare equal', () {
+      expect(foldPlaceName('臺北市'), foldPlaceName('台北市'));
+      expect(foldPlaceName('臺北市'), '台北市');
+    });
+
+    test('drops every kind of whitespace, not just the ends', () {
+      expect(foldPlaceName('  臺北市 中正區 '), '台北市中正區');
+      expect(foldPlaceName('台北　中正'), '台北中正');
+      expect(foldPlaceName('台\t北\n'), '台北');
+    });
+
+    test('folds full-width ASCII to half-width, and case', () {
+      expect(foldPlaceName('ＡＢＣ１２３'), 'abc123');
+      expect(foldPlaceName('Taipei'), 'taipei');
+    });
+
+    test('is total on the empty and all-blank string', () {
+      expect(foldPlaceName(''), '');
+      expect(foldPlaceName(' 　 '), '');
+    });
+  });
+
+  group('PlaceSearchIndex', () {
+    final index = PlaceSearchIndex(_directory);
+
+    test('an empty query lists every city and no township', () {
+      final result = index.search('  ');
+      expect(result.cities, ['臺北市', '基隆市', '新北市', '臺東縣']);
+      expect(result.towns, isEmpty);
+    });
+
+    test('台北 finds 臺北市 without listing all its districts', () {
+      final result = index.search('台北');
+      expect(result.cities, ['臺北市']);
+      expect(result.towns, isEmpty);
+    });
+
+    test('a township name alone finds it on the first page', () {
+      final result = index.search('板橋');
+      expect(result.cities, isEmpty);
+      expect(_codes(result.towns), ['220']);
+    });
+
+    test('a shared township name finds it in every city', () {
+      expect(_codes(index.search('中正').towns), ['100', '200']);
+    });
+
+    test(
+      'city and township together narrow to one, with or without levels',
+      () {
+        expect(_codes(index.search('台北中正').towns), ['100']);
+        expect(_codes(index.search('臺北市 中正區').towns), ['100']);
+        expect(_codes(index.search('台北市中正').towns), ['100']);
+      },
+    );
+
+    test('a township named like its city is still found by its own name', () {
+      final result = index.search('台東');
+      expect(result.cities, ['臺東縣']);
+      expect(_codes(result.towns), ['950']);
+    });
+
+    test('no match is empty on both sides', () {
+      final result = index.search('東京');
+      expect(result.cities, isEmpty);
+      expect(result.towns, isEmpty);
+    });
+  });
+}
diff --git a/test/core/network/etag_cache_store_test.dart b/test/core/network/etag_cache_store_test.dart
index 86686ca2b..66becd74a 100644
--- a/test/core/network/etag_cache_store_test.dart
+++ b/test/core/network/etag_cache_store_test.dart
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ void main() {
       'body',
       'size',
       'time',
+      'fetched',
     });
     expect(
       (await legacy.get('SELECT COUNT(*) AS n FROM http_cache'))['n'],
@@ -66,6 +67,65 @@ void main() {
     expect((await migrated.read('https://x/v2'))?.body, '{"ok":true}');
   });
 
+  test(
+    'an existing v2 table gains fetched in place, keeping its rows',
+    () async {
+      final v2 = openMemoryDb();
+      addTearDown(v2.close);
+      await v2.executeMultiple(
+        'CREATE TABLE http_cache ('
+        'key TEXT PRIMARY KEY, etag TEXT NOT NULL, content_type TEXT, '
+        'kind INTEGER NOT NULL, body BLOB NOT NULL, size INTEGER NOT NULL, '
+        'time INTEGER NOT NULL);'
+        'CREATE INDEX http_cache_time ON http_cache(time)',
+      );
+      final before = EtagCacheStore(v2);
+      // Written by the pre-column store shape: no fetched value to give.
+      await v2.execute(
+        'INSERT INTO http_cache (key, etag, kind, body, size, time) '
+        'VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)',
+        [
+          'https://x/old',
+          '1',
+          EtagCacheStore.kindJson,
+          utf8.encode('[1]'),
+          3,
+          1,
+        ],
+      );
+
+      await EtagCacheStore.createSchema(v2);
+
+      final columns = {
+        for (final row in await v2.getAll('PRAGMA table_info(http_cache)'))
+          row['name'],
+      };
+      expect(columns, contains('fetched'));
+      final old = await before.readJson('https://x/old');
+      expect(old?.data, [1], reason: 'a column, not a drop');
+      expect(old?.fetchedAt, isNull, reason: 'its age was never recorded');
+      // Idempotent: a second open does not try to add it again.
+      await EtagCacheStore.createSchema(v2);
+    },
+  );
+
+  test(
+    'a JSON write records when the server sent it; a 304 moves it',
+    () async {
+      final sent = DateTime.utc(2026, 10, 16, 1);
+      await store.write('https://x/r', etag: '1', body: '[]', fetchedAt: sent);
+      expect((await store.readJson('https://x/r'))?.fetchedAt, sent);
+
+      final confirmed = sent.add(const Duration(hours: 3));
+      await store.markFetched('https://x/r', confirmed);
+      expect((await store.readJson('https://x/r'))?.fetchedAt, confirmed);
+
+      // A miss is a no-op, not a throw.
+      await store.markFetched('https://x/none', confirmed);
+      expect(await store.readJson('https://x/none'), isNull);
+    },
+  );
+
   Future<void> setTime(String url, int time) =>
       db.execute('UPDATE http_cache SET time = ? WHERE key = ?', [time, url]);
 
diff --git a/test/core/network/etag_interceptor_test.dart b/test/core/network/etag_interceptor_test.dart
index 2ead94aca..cec7442b9 100644
--- a/test/core/network/etag_interceptor_test.dart
+++ b/test/core/network/etag_interceptor_test.dart
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import 'package:dio/dio.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/network/dio_client.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/network/etag_cache_store.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/network/etag_interceptor.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/core/network/stale_if_error.dart';
 import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
 import 'package:sqlite_async/sqlite_async.dart';
 
@@ -217,6 +218,72 @@ void main() {
     );
   });
 
+  group('stale-if-error', () {
+    const url = 'https://api.core-tnn1.exptech.dev/api/v2/eq/report?limit=30';
+
+    Future<void> prime() async {
+      await dioWith(_FakeAdapter(body: '[{"id":"a"}]', etag: 'v1'))
+          .get<dynamic>(url);
+      await settle();
+    }
+
+    test('an opted-in GET is offered the saved body and still fails', () async {
+      await prime();
+      final optIn = StaleIfError();
+
+      await expectLater(
+        dioWith(_NetworkDownAdapter())
+            .get<dynamic>(url, options: optIn.options),
+        throwsA(isA<DioException>()),
+        reason: 'the failure must reach the region client, which may fail over',
+      );
+      expect(optIn.saved?.data, [
+        {'id': 'a'},
+      ]);
+      expect(optIn.saved?.fetchedAt, isNotNull);
+    });
+
+    test('a GET that did not opt in is never answered from cache', () async {
+      await prime();
+      await expectLater(
+        dioWith(_NetworkDownAdapter()).get<dynamic>(url),
+        throwsA(isA<DioException>()),
+      );
+    });
+
+    test('a 5xx is covered, a 404 is not', () async {
+      await prime();
+      final serverError = StaleIfError();
+      await expectLater(
+        dioWith(_StatusAdapter(503))
+            .get<dynamic>(url, options: serverError.options),
+        throwsA(isA<DioException>()),
+      );
+      expect(serverError.saved, isNotNull);
+
+      final gone = StaleIfError();
+      await expectLater(
+        dioWith(_StatusAdapter(404)).get<dynamic>(url, options: gone.options),
+        throwsA(isA<DioException>()),
+      );
+      expect(gone.saved, isNull, reason: 'a 404 is an answer, not an outage');
+    });
+
+    test(
+      'an opted-in 304 records that the server vouched for the copy',
+      () async {
+        final old = DateTime.utc(2000);
+        await store.write(url, etag: 'v1', body: '[]', fetchedAt: old);
+
+        await dioWith(_FakeAdapter(body: '[]', etag: 'v1'))
+            .get<dynamic>(url, options: StaleIfError().options);
+        await settle();
+
+        expect((await store.readJson(url))?.fetchedAt?.isAfter(old), isTrue);
+      },
+    );
+  });
+
   test(
     'a failing POST on a non-dashboard host is not served from cache',
     () async {
diff --git a/test/core/network/stale_if_error_test.dart b/test/core/network/stale_if_error_test.dart
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..227584ec8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/core/network/stale_if_error_test.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+/// [ApiClientStaleIfError.getOrSaved] end to end: a real region client, the
+/// real ETag interceptor over an in-memory cache, and a fake network per host.
+///
+/// What is pinned is the order of things. The region client must still fail
+/// over to a host that is up — a saved copy is the answer only once every
+/// host has failed — and the copy that comes back must carry its marker, so
+/// nothing above can show it as current.
+library;
+
+import 'dart:typed_data';
+
+import 'package:dio/dio.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/core/error/failure.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/core/network/api_client.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/core/network/api_region.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/core/network/dio_client.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/core/network/etag_cache_store.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/core/network/region_selection.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/core/network/stale_if_error.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/core/settings/settings_store.dart';
+import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
+import 'package:sqlite_async/sqlite_async.dart';
+
+import '../storage/memory_db.dart';
+
+/// Answers per host: a body, a status, or a dropped connection.
+class _Hosts implements HttpClientAdapter {
+  final Map<String, Object> byHost = {};
+  final List<String> asked = [];
+
+  @override
+  Future<ResponseBody> fetch(
+    RequestOptions options,
+    Stream<Uint8List>? requestStream,
+    Future<void>? cancelFuture,
+  ) async {
+    asked.add(options.uri.host);
+    final answer = byHost[options.uri.host];
+    if (answer is String) {
+      return ResponseBody.fromString(
+        answer,
+        200,
+        headers: {
+          Headers.contentTypeHeader: [Headers.jsonContentType],
+          'etag': ['"${answer.hashCode}"'],
+        },
+      );
+    }
+    if (answer is int) {
+      return ResponseBody.fromBytes(Uint8List(0), answer, headers: {});
+    }
+    throw DioException.connectionError(
+      requestOptions: options,
+      reason: 'unreachable',
+    );
+  }
+
+  @override
+  void close({bool force = false}) {}
+}
+
+void main() {
+  const path = '/api/v2/eq/report';
+  const first = 'api.core-tnn1.exptech.dev';
+  const second = 'api.core-tyo1.exptech.dev';
+  late SqliteDatabase db;
+  late _Hosts hosts;
+  late ApiClient client;
+
+  setUp(() async {
+    db = openMemoryDb();
+    await EtagCacheStore.createSchema(db);
+    hosts = _Hosts();
+    final dio = createDio(etagCache: EtagCacheStore(db))
+      ..httpClientAdapter = hosts;
+    client = ApiClient(dio, RegionSelection(SettingsStore.inMemory({})));
+  });
+
+  tearDown(() async => db.close());
+
+  Future<void> saveFromFirstHost() async {
+    hosts.byHost[first] = '[{"id":"saved"}]';
+    final fresh = await client.getOrSaved(ApiTier.coreApi, path);
+    expect(fresh.stale, isNull);
+    // The interceptor's write is fire-and-forget.
+    await Future<void>.delayed(const Duration(milliseconds: 150));
+  }
+
+  test('every host down: the saved copy, marked as such', () async {
+    await saveFromFirstHost();
+    hosts.byHost.clear();
+
+    final result = await client.getOrSaved(ApiTier.coreApi, path);
+
+    expect(result.data, [
+      {'id': 'saved'},
+    ]);
+    expect(result.stale, isNotNull);
+    expect(result.stale!.failure, isA<NetworkFailure>());
+    expect(result.stale!.since, isNotNull);
+    expect(hosts.asked, [
+      first,
+      first,
+      second,
+    ], reason: 'the save, then both hosts tried before the copy is used');
+  });
+
+  test('a host that is up still wins over the saved copy', () async {
+    await saveFromFirstHost();
+    hosts.byHost
+      ..clear()
+      ..[second] = '[{"id":"fresh"}]';
+
+    final result = await client.getOrSaved(ApiTier.coreApi, path);
+
+    expect(result.data, [
+      {'id': 'fresh'},
+    ]);
+    expect(result.stale, isNull);
+  });
+
+  test('nothing saved: the failure comes back as before', () async {
+    await expectLater(
+      client.getOrSaved(ApiTier.coreApi, path),
+      throwsA(isA<DioException>()),
+    );
+  });
+
+  test('a 404 is never covered by a saved copy', () async {
+    await saveFromFirstHost();
+    hosts.byHost
+      ..clear()
+      ..[first] = 404;
+
+    await expectLater(
+      client.getOrSaved(ApiTier.coreApi, path),
+      throwsA(isA<DioException>()),
+    );
+  });
+}
diff --git a/test/core/realtime/app_time_test.dart b/test/core/realtime/app_time_test.dart
index 808a399aa..e1736f234 100644
--- a/test/core/realtime/app_time_test.dart
+++ b/test/core/realtime/app_time_test.dart
@@ -93,12 +93,15 @@ void main() {
     final next = AppTime.sync();
 
     expect(source.requests, hasLength(2));
+    // A step well past ServerClock.stepThreshold, so the clock adopts it as
+    // is rather than averaging it with the first — what is pinned here is
+    // only that the second sync really ran.
     source.requests.last.complete(
-      Ok(device.add(const Duration(seconds: 7)).millisecondsSinceEpoch),
+      Ok(device.add(const Duration(seconds: 60)).millisecondsSinceEpoch),
     );
     await next;
 
-    expect(AppTime.calibratedTimeOffset, const Duration(seconds: 7));
+    expect(AppTime.calibratedTimeOffset, const Duration(seconds: 60));
   });
 
   test('allows retry after a failed sync attempt', () async {
diff --git a/test/core/realtime/server_clock_test.dart b/test/core/realtime/server_clock_test.dart
index 54fd88bdf..e6aac612d 100644
--- a/test/core/realtime/server_clock_test.dart
+++ b/test/core/realtime/server_clock_test.dart
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ class _FakeClock implements Clock {
 
 class _FakeElapsed implements Elapsed {
   Duration value = Duration.zero;
+  void advance(Duration d) => value += d;
   @override
   Duration get elapsed => value;
 }
@@ -106,4 +107,82 @@ void main() {
       expect(clock.now(), device);
     });
   });
+
+  group('ServerClock sample window', () {
+    /// A clock whose server answers [offsets] (ms, relative to the device) in
+    /// turn, one per sync, with monotonic time advancing a minute per sync.
+    Future<(ServerClock, _FakeElapsed)> synced(List<int> offsets) async {
+      final elapsed = _FakeElapsed();
+      final source = _FakeServerTimeSource();
+      final clock = ServerClock(_FakeClock(device), elapsed, source);
+      for (final offset in offsets) {
+        source.result = Ok(
+          device.millisecondsSinceEpoch + elapsed.value.inMilliseconds + offset,
+        );
+        await clock.sync();
+        elapsed.advance(const Duration(minutes: 1));
+      }
+      return (clock, elapsed);
+    }
+
+    /// Calibrated time minus where a perfect server would put it.
+    int errorMs(ServerClock clock, _FakeElapsed elapsed) =>
+        clock.now().difference(device.add(elapsed.value)).inMilliseconds;
+
+    test('averages the window without its highest and lowest sample', () async {
+      final (clock, elapsed) = await synced([100, -300, 50, 400, 0]);
+      // Sorted -300, 0, 50, 100, 400 → mean of 0, 50, 100.
+      expect(errorMs(clock, elapsed), 50);
+    });
+
+    test(
+      'one noisy sample no longer moves the clock by its full error',
+      () async {
+        final (clock, elapsed) = await synced([0, 0, 0, 0, 900]);
+        expect(
+          errorMs(clock, elapsed),
+          0,
+          reason: 'the outlier is the dropped maximum',
+        );
+      },
+    );
+
+    test('keeps only the last five samples', () async {
+      final (clock, elapsed) = await synced([1500, 1500, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]);
+      expect(errorMs(clock, elapsed), 0);
+    });
+
+    test('follows a genuine step at once', () async {
+      final (clock, elapsed) = await synced([0, 10, -10, 5, 30000]);
+      expect(
+        errorMs(clock, elapsed),
+        30000,
+        reason: '30 s away from every sample is a step, not noise',
+      );
+    });
+
+    test('a sample near any one in the window is not a step', () async {
+      // 1.9 s from the latest but within 2 s of it: averaged, not adopted.
+      final (clock, elapsed) = await synced([0, 0, 0, 1900, 1900]);
+      // Sorted 0, 0, 0, 1900, 1900 → mean of 0, 0, 1900.
+      expect(errorMs(clock, elapsed), 633);
+    });
+
+    test('a failed sync leaves the window alone', () async {
+      final elapsed = _FakeElapsed();
+      final source = _FakeServerTimeSource()
+        ..result = Ok(device.millisecondsSinceEpoch + 200);
+      final clock = ServerClock(_FakeClock(device), elapsed, source);
+      await clock.sync();
+      source.result = const Err(TimeoutFailure('down'));
+      await clock.sync();
+      expect(clock.offset, const Duration(milliseconds: 200));
+    });
+
+    test('trimmedMean drops nothing below three samples', () {
+      expect(ServerClock.trimmedMean([10]), 10);
+      expect(ServerClock.trimmedMean([10, 21]), 16);
+      expect(ServerClock.trimmedMean([1, 10, 1000]), 10);
+    });
+  });
 }
diff --git a/test/features/earthquake/data/earthquake_api_test.dart b/test/features/earthquake/data/earthquake_api_test.dart
index 96331643e..0babdded0 100644
--- a/test/features/earthquake/data/earthquake_api_test.dart
+++ b/test/features/earthquake/data/earthquake_api_test.dart
@@ -104,7 +104,15 @@ class _RecordingApiClient implements ApiClient {
     Map<String, dynamic>? query,
     Options? options,
     CancelToken? cancelToken,
-  }) => throw UnimplementedError();
+  }) async {
+    getCalls.add((tier, path, query));
+    if (getError != null) throw getError!;
+    return Response<dynamic>(
+      requestOptions: RequestOptions(path: path),
+      statusCode: 200,
+      data: nextGetResult,
+    );
+  }
 
   @override
   List<String> hostsFor(ApiTier tier) => throw UnimplementedError();
diff --git a/test/features/earthquake/data/eew_replay_source_test.dart b/test/features/earthquake/data/eew_replay_source_test.dart
index 4c51229e8..06d57804e 100644
--- a/test/features/earthquake/data/eew_replay_source_test.dart
+++ b/test/features/earthquake/data/eew_replay_source_test.dart
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 library;
 
 import 'package:dio/dio.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/core/error/result.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/error/failure.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/network/sse_event.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/realtime/elapsed.dart';
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ class _FakeEarthquakeApi implements EarthquakeApi {
   Stream<SseEvent> openEewSse() => throw UnimplementedError();
 
   @override
-  Future<List<dynamic>> getReportList({
+  Future<Fetched<List<dynamic>>> getReportList({
     int limit = 50,
     int page = 1,
     int? minIntensity,
diff --git a/test/features/earthquake/data/eew_repository_impl_test.dart b/test/features/earthquake/data/eew_repository_impl_test.dart
index 7fdd0332d..ed54507e4 100644
--- a/test/features/earthquake/data/eew_repository_impl_test.dart
+++ b/test/features/earthquake/data/eew_repository_impl_test.dart
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 library;
 
 import 'package:dio/dio.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/core/error/result.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/error/failure.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/network/sse_event.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/features/earthquake/data/earthquake_api.dart';
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ class _FakeEarthquakeApi implements EarthquakeApi {
   Future<List<dynamic>> getEewAt(int seconds) => throw UnimplementedError();
 
   @override
-  Future<List<dynamic>> getReportList({
+  Future<Fetched<List<dynamic>>> getReportList({
     int limit = 50,
     int page = 1,
     int? minIntensity,
diff --git a/test/features/earthquake/data/report_repository_impl_test.dart b/test/features/earthquake/data/report_repository_impl_test.dart
index c1fea6455..30063872b 100644
--- a/test/features/earthquake/data/report_repository_impl_test.dart
+++ b/test/features/earthquake/data/report_repository_impl_test.dart
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 library;
 
 import 'package:dio/dio.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/core/error/result.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/error/failure.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/network/sse_event.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/features/earthquake/data/earthquake_api.dart';
@@ -18,9 +19,10 @@ class _Api implements EarthquakeApi {
   final dynamic reportBody;
   ReportListQuery? seen;
   Object? error;
+  Staleness? stale;
 
   @override
-  Future<List<dynamic>> getReportList({
+  Future<Fetched<List<dynamic>>> getReportList({
     int limit = 50,
     int page = 1,
     int? minIntensity,
@@ -53,7 +55,7 @@ class _Api implements EarthquakeApi {
       cityMinInt: cityMinInt,
       cityMaxInt: cityMaxInt,
     );
-    return listBody;
+    return (data: listBody, stale: stale);
   }
 
   @override
@@ -157,4 +159,15 @@ void main() {
       expect((await repo.get('115032')).failureOrNull, isA<TimeoutFailure>());
     },
   );
+
+  test('a saved page keeps its marker on the way up', () async {
+    final since = DateTime.utc(2026, 10, 16, 1);
+    final api = _Api([_row('115032')], null)
+      ..stale = Staleness(failure: const NetworkFailure('down'), since: since);
+
+    final result = await ReportRepositoryImpl(api).list();
+
+    expect(result.valueOrNull!.single.id, '115032');
+    expect((result as Ok).stale?.since, since);
+  });
 }
diff --git a/test/features/earthquake/data/rts_replay_source_test.dart b/test/features/earthquake/data/rts_replay_source_test.dart
index ec7e16014..372d032a3 100644
--- a/test/features/earthquake/data/rts_replay_source_test.dart
+++ b/test/features/earthquake/data/rts_replay_source_test.dart
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 library;
 
 import 'package:dio/dio.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/core/error/result.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/error/failure.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/network/sse_event.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/realtime/elapsed.dart';
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ class _FakeEarthquakeApi implements EarthquakeApi {
   Future<List<dynamic>> getEewAt(int seconds) => throw UnimplementedError();
 
   @override
-  Future<List<dynamic>> getReportList({
+  Future<Fetched<List<dynamic>>> getReportList({
     int limit = 50,
     int page = 1,
     int? minIntensity,
diff --git a/test/features/earthquake/presentation/pages/report_list_page_test.dart b/test/features/earthquake/presentation/pages/report_list_page_test.dart
index 6640b51c2..103bfea33 100644
--- a/test/features/earthquake/presentation/pages/report_list_page_test.dart
+++ b/test/features/earthquake/presentation/pages/report_list_page_test.dart
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import 'package:dpip/l10n/gen/app_localizations.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/shared/navigation/app_routes.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/shared/widgets/empty_view.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/shared/widgets/error_view.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/shared/widgets/freshness_banner.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/shared/widgets/loading_view.dart';
 import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
 import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
@@ -64,6 +65,7 @@ class _FixedSource implements ServerTimeSource {
 class _FakeReportRepository implements ReportRepository {
   final List<({int limit, int page, ReportListQuery query})> calls = [];
   Failure? nextError;
+  Staleness? nextStale;
   List<PartialEarthquakeReport> nextPage = const [];
 
   /// When set, the first page never arrives — the state the list is in between
@@ -81,7 +83,7 @@ class _FakeReportRepository implements ReportRepository {
     if (gate != null) return gate.future;
     final error = nextError;
     if (error != null) return Err(error);
-    return Ok(page == 1 ? nextPage : const []);
+    return Ok(page == 1 ? nextPage : const [], stale: nextStale);
   }
 
   @override
@@ -350,4 +352,33 @@ void main() {
       expect(find.text(l10n.reportListEmpty), findsNothing);
     });
   });
+
+  group('offline', () {
+    testWidgets('a saved copy is listed under a banner with its age', (
+      tester,
+    ) async {
+      final repository = _FakeReportRepository()
+        ..nextPage = [_report('a', originUtc: _todayMorning)]
+        ..nextStale = Staleness(
+          failure: const NetworkFailure('No connection'),
+          since: _now.subtract(const Duration(hours: 3)),
+        );
+      await _pump(tester, repository);
+
+      expect(
+        find.text("Can't connect · showing data from 3 hours ago"),
+        findsOneWidget,
+      );
+      expect(find.byType(ErrorView), findsNothing);
+      expect(find.textContaining('花蓮縣'), findsWidgets);
+    });
+
+    testWidgets('fresh rows carry no banner', (tester) async {
+      final repository = _FakeReportRepository()
+        ..nextPage = [_report('a', originUtc: _todayMorning)];
+      await _pump(tester, repository);
+
+      expect(find.byType(FreshnessBanner), findsNothing);
+    });
+  });
 }
diff --git a/test/features/earthquake/presentation/pages/report_replay_page_test.dart b/test/features/earthquake/presentation/pages/report_replay_page_test.dart
index af8e83967..dda79b943 100644
--- a/test/features/earthquake/presentation/pages/report_replay_page_test.dart
+++ b/test/features/earthquake/presentation/pages/report_replay_page_test.dart
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import 'package:dpip/core/network/api_client.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/network/api_paths.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/network/api_region.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/network/region_selection.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/core/platform/render_tier.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/realtime/app_time.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/realtime/clock.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/realtime/elapsed.dart';
@@ -78,6 +79,9 @@ class _MapPlatform extends MapLibrePlatform {
   var holdEew = true;
   int moves = 0;
 
+  /// Wave-front writes — one per redraw of the rings.
+  int eewWrites = 0;
+
   /// The map state completes a one-shot future the first time the platform
   /// view is created. A later rebuild of the same map must not call it again.
   bool _viewCreated = false;
@@ -125,6 +129,7 @@ class _MapPlatform extends MapLibrePlatform {
       throw StateError('box');
     }
     this.geojson[sourceId] = geojson;
+    if (sourceId.contains('eew')) eewWrites++;
     if (holdEew && sourceId.contains('eew')) {
       holdEew = false;
       await Future<void>.delayed(const Duration(milliseconds: 40));
@@ -704,6 +709,115 @@ void main() {
     }
   });
 
+  for (final (tier, low, high) in [
+    (RenderTier.high, 40, 70),
+    (RenderTier.low, 4, 6),
+  ]) {
+    testWidgets(
+      'a ${tier.name}-tier phone redraws the rings $low–$high a second',
+      (tester) async {
+        final settings = SettingsStore.inMemory();
+        final archive = _Archive(RegionSelection(settings))
+          ..eews = [
+            _eew(
+              agency: 'cwa',
+              id: 'cwa-1',
+              serial: 1,
+              location: '花蓮縣',
+              timeMs: _origin.millisecondsSinceEpoch,
+            ),
+          ];
+        final cwaOnly = EewCwaOnlySettings(settings);
+        final spoken = EewSpokenAnnouncementSettings(settings);
+        final realtime = RealtimeService(
+          ServerClock(_FixedClock(), _ZeroElapsed(), _FixedSource()),
+        );
+        platform.holdEew = false;
+        useSurface(tester);
+        final router = GoRouter(
+          initialLocation: '/replay',
+          routes: [
+            GoRoute(
+              path: '/replay',
+              builder: (_, _) => ReportReplayPage(
+                replayTimestamp: _origin.millisecondsSinceEpoch,
+              ),
+            ),
+          ],
+        );
+        try {
+          await tester.pumpWidget(
+            MultiProvider(
+              providers: [
+                Provider<ApiClient>.value(value: archive),
+                Provider<RealtimeService>.value(value: realtime),
+                ChangeNotifierProvider<EewCwaOnlySettings>.value(
+                  value: cwaOnly,
+                ),
+                ChangeNotifierProvider<EewSpokenAnnouncementSettings>.value(
+                  value: spoken,
+                ),
+                Provider<TremStationRepository>.value(
+                  value: _Stations(const {}),
+                ),
+                Provider<Future<SeismicTravelTimeTable>>.value(
+                  value: Future.value(
+                    const SeismicTravelTimeTable({
+                      10: [(p: 2, r: 1, s: 2), (p: 100, r: 2000, s: 100)],
+                    }),
+                  ),
+                ),
+                Provider<Future<RtsBoxGrid>>.value(
+                  value: Future.value(const RtsBoxGrid({})),
+                ),
+                Provider<TownDirectory>.value(value: const TownDirectory({})),
+                Provider<SettingsStore>.value(value: settings),
+                ChangeNotifierProvider<RegionStore>.value(
+                  value: RegionStore(settings),
+                ),
+                Provider<SpeechService>.value(value: _Speech()),
+                Provider<LocationService>.value(
+                  value: LocationService(
+                    const TownDirectory({}),
+                    isAvailable: () async => false,
+                    fix: () async => null,
+                    lastKnown: () async => null,
+                    status: () async => LocationStatus.denied,
+                  ),
+                ),
+                Provider<MlIntensityEstimator>.value(value: _Model()),
+                Provider<Future<RenderTier>?>.value(value: Future.value(tier)),
+              ],
+              child: MaterialApp.router(
+                locale: const Locale('en'),
+                localizationsDelegates: AppLocalizations.localizationsDelegates,
+                supportedLocales: AppLocalizations.supportedLocales,
+                routerConfig: router,
+              ),
+            ),
+          );
+          await tester.pump();
+          await tester.pump();
+          await icons(tester);
+          expect(find.text('花蓮縣'), findsOneWidget);
+
+          final before = platform.eewWrites;
+          for (var i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
+            await tester.pump(const Duration(milliseconds: 20));
+          }
+          final perSecond = platform.eewWrites - before;
+          expect(perSecond, inInclusiveRange(low, high));
+        } finally {
+          await tester.pumpWidget(const SizedBox.shrink());
+          await tester.pump(const Duration(milliseconds: 50));
+          cwaOnly.dispose();
+          spoken.dispose();
+          realtime.dispose();
+        }
+      },
+    );
+  }
+
   testWidgets('a hidden tab pauses the replay, and a dead feed goes stale', (
     tester,
   ) async {
diff --git a/test/features/earthquake/presentation/report_list_controller_test.dart b/test/features/earthquake/presentation/report_list_controller_test.dart
index e78e25784..ba0c38ff1 100644
--- a/test/features/earthquake/presentation/report_list_controller_test.dart
+++ b/test/features/earthquake/presentation/report_list_controller_test.dart
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
 class _FakeReportRepository implements ReportRepository {
   final List<({int limit, int page, ReportListQuery query})> calls = [];
   Failure? nextError;
+  Staleness? nextStale;
   List<PartialEarthquakeReport> nextPage = const [];
 
   @override
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ class _FakeReportRepository implements ReportRepository {
     calls.add((limit: limit, page: page, query: query));
     final error = nextError;
     if (error != null) return Err(error);
-    return Ok(nextPage);
+    return Ok(nextPage, stale: nextStale);
   }
 
   @override
@@ -189,4 +190,68 @@ void main() {
     expect(repository.calls.length, callsDuringLoad);
     await reloadFuture;
   });
+
+  group('staleness', () {
+    final since = DateTime.utc(2026, 10, 16, 1);
+    final saved = Staleness(
+      failure: const NetworkFailure('down'),
+      since: since,
+    );
+
+    test('a fresh page is current', () async {
+      repository.nextPage = _page(3);
+      await controller.reload();
+      expect(controller.staleness, isNull);
+    });
+
+    test('a saved first page is shown, and marked', () async {
+      repository
+        ..nextPage = _page(3)
+        ..nextStale = saved;
+      await controller.reload();
+      expect(controller.items, hasLength(3));
+      expect(controller.failure, isNull);
+      expect(controller.staleness?.since, since);
+    });
+
+    test(
+      'a failed refresh leaves the rows, marked since they loaded',
+      () async {
+        repository.nextPage = _page(3);
+        await controller.reload();
+        repository.nextError = const NetworkFailure('down');
+        await controller.reload();
+
+        expect(controller.items, hasLength(3), reason: 'rows stay on screen');
+        expect(controller.staleness, isNotNull);
+        expect(controller.staleness!.failure, isA<NetworkFailure>());
+        expect(controller.staleness!.since, isNotNull);
+      },
+    );
+
+    test('the next fresh reload clears the mark', () async {
+      repository
+        ..nextPage = _page(3)
+        ..nextStale = saved;
+      await controller.reload();
+      repository.nextStale = null;
+      await controller.reload();
+      expect(controller.staleness, isNull);
+    });
+
+    test('a saved later page marks the whole list', () async {
+      repository.nextPage = _page(ReportListController.pageSize);
+      await controller.reload();
+      repository.nextStale = saved;
+      await controller.loadMore();
+      expect(controller.staleness?.since, since);
+    });
+
+    test('a failure with nothing on screen is an error, not a mark', () async {
+      repository.nextError = const NetworkFailure('down');
+      await controller.reload();
+      expect(controller.failure, isNotNull);
+      expect(controller.staleness, isNull);
+    });
+  });
 }
diff --git a/test/features/events/data/event_api_test.dart b/test/features/events/data/event_api_test.dart
index 0fadbd600..0cb929eea 100644
--- a/test/features/events/data/event_api_test.dart
+++ b/test/features/events/data/event_api_test.dart
@@ -54,11 +54,11 @@ ResponseBody _json(String body, int status) => ResponseBody.fromString(
 /// four near-identical test bodies.
 final Map<String, (Future<List<dynamic>> Function(EventApi), String)> _calls = {
   'getHistoryList': (
-    (api) => api.getHistoryList(),
+    (api) async => (await api.getHistoryList()).data,
     '/api/v1/dpip/history/list',
   ),
   'getHistoryRegion': (
-    (api) => api.getHistoryRegion('063'),
+    (api) async => (await api.getHistoryRegion('063')).data,
     '/api/v1/dpip/history/063',
   ),
   'getRealtimeList': (
diff --git a/test/features/events/data/event_repository_impl_test.dart b/test/features/events/data/event_repository_impl_test.dart
index 26f378394..ba91d0b15 100644
--- a/test/features/events/data/event_repository_impl_test.dart
+++ b/test/features/events/data/event_repository_impl_test.dart
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 /// does.
 library;
 
+import 'package:dpip/core/error/failure.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/core/error/result.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/features/events/data/event_api.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/features/events/data/event_repository_impl.dart';
 import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
@@ -13,16 +15,18 @@ class _Api implements EventApi {
   var historyAll = false;
   var realtimeAll = false;
 
+  Staleness? stale;
+
   @override
-  Future<List<dynamic>> getHistoryList() async {
+  Future<Fetched<List<dynamic>>> getHistoryList() async {
     historyAll = true;
-    return [_event('h-all', 20), 'skip'];
+    return (data: [_event('h-all', 20), 'skip'], stale: stale);
   }
 
   @override
-  Future<List<dynamic>> getHistoryRegion(String region) async {
+  Future<Fetched<List<dynamic>>> getHistoryRegion(String region) async {
     historyRegion = region;
-    return [_event('h-town', 10)];
+    return (data: <dynamic>[_event('h-town', 10)], stale: stale);
   }
 
   @override
@@ -74,4 +78,23 @@ void main() {
       expect(townActive.valueOrNull!.single.id, 'r-town');
     },
   );
+
+  test(
+    'saved history keeps its marker; active events never have one',
+    () async {
+      final since = DateTime.utc(2026, 10, 16, 1);
+      final api = _Api()
+        ..stale = Staleness(
+          failure: const NetworkFailure('down'),
+          since: since,
+        );
+      final repo = EventRepositoryImpl(api);
+
+      final history = await repo.events(regionCode: '710');
+      final active = await repo.activeEvents();
+
+      expect((history as Ok).stale?.since, since);
+      expect((active as Ok).stale, isNull);
+    },
+  );
 }
diff --git a/test/features/events/presentation/widgets/event_timeline_test.dart b/test/features/events/presentation/widgets/event_timeline_test.dart
index 054b02649..a163fcb81 100644
--- a/test/features/events/presentation/widgets/event_timeline_test.dart
+++ b/test/features/events/presentation/widgets/event_timeline_test.dart
@@ -63,6 +63,23 @@ void main() {
     expect(find.text('03:04'), findsNWidgets(2));
   });
 
+  testWidgets('saved history is listed under a banner, never as current', (
+    tester,
+  ) async {
+    await _pump(
+      tester,
+      _Repo(
+        Ok([
+          _event('1', 'Quake'),
+        ], stale: const Staleness(failure: NetworkFailure('offline'))),
+      ),
+    );
+    final l10n = await AppLocalizations.delegate.load(const Locale('en'));
+    expect(find.text('Quake'), findsOneWidget);
+    expect(find.text(l10n.freshnessSavedCopyUnknownAge), findsOneWidget);
+    expect(find.text(l10n.commonFetchFailed), findsNothing);
+  });
+
   testWidgets('an empty feed is not an error', (tester) async {
     await _pump(tester, _Repo(const Ok([])));
     expect(find.byIcon(Icons.inbox_outlined), findsOneWidget);
diff --git a/test/features/location/presentation/pages/region_city_page_test.dart b/test/features/location/presentation/pages/region_city_page_test.dart
index c46402952..c6bb837d1 100644
--- a/test/features/location/presentation/pages/region_city_page_test.dart
+++ b/test/features/location/presentation/pages/region_city_page_test.dart
@@ -122,6 +122,18 @@ void main() {
     expect(find.text(l10n.regionSearchTownEmpty), findsOneWidget);
   });
 
+  testWidgets('the township filter folds spacing and full-width input', (
+    tester,
+  ) async {
+    await tester.pumpWidget(_wrap(await _store()));
+
+    await tester.enterText(find.byType(TextField), ' 松\u3000山 ');
+    await tester.pump();
+
+    expect(find.text('松山區'), findsOneWidget);
+    expect(find.text('中正區'), findsNothing);
+  });
+
   testWidgets('replace swaps the named township and can return to More', (
     tester,
   ) async {
diff --git a/test/features/location/presentation/pages/region_select_page_test.dart b/test/features/location/presentation/pages/region_select_page_test.dart
index 895308a7d..8bd3978f4 100644
--- a/test/features/location/presentation/pages/region_select_page_test.dart
+++ b/test/features/location/presentation/pages/region_select_page_test.dart
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ final _directory = TownDirectory({
   '103': _town('103', '臺北', '市', '大同'),
   '801': _town('801', '高雄', '市', '新興'),
   '973': _town('973', '花蓮', '縣', '吉安'),
+  '220': _town('220', '新北', '市', '板橋'),
 });
 
 Widget _wrap(
@@ -106,6 +107,7 @@ void main() {
     expect(find.text('臺北市'), findsOneWidget);
     expect(find.text('高雄市'), findsOneWidget);
     expect(find.text('花蓮縣'), findsOneWidget);
+    expect(find.text('新北市'), findsOneWidget);
   });
 
   testWidgets('typing in the search field narrows the city list', (
@@ -199,6 +201,88 @@ void main() {
     expect(find.text('city:臺北市|replace:-|returnToMore:-'), findsOneWidget);
   });
 
+  testWidgets('台北 finds the directory\'s 臺北市', (tester) async {
+    await tester.pumpWidget(_wrap(await _store()));
+
+    await tester.enterText(find.byType(TextField), ' 台北 ');
+    await tester.pump();
+
+    expect(find.text('臺北市'), findsOneWidget);
+    expect(find.text('高雄市'), findsNothing);
+    // A city query is answered by the city; its districts are one tap away.
+    expect(find.text('臺北市 中正區'), findsNothing);
+  });
+
+  testWidgets('a township is found on the first page and saves on tap', (
+    tester,
+  ) async {
+    final store = await _store();
+    await tester.pumpWidget(_wrap(store));
+    final l10n = AppLocalizations.of(tester.element(find.byType(Scaffold)));
+
+    await tester.enterText(find.byType(TextField), '板橋');
+    await tester.pump();
+
+    expect(find.text(l10n.regionSearchEmpty), findsNothing);
+    expect(find.text(l10n.regionSearchTownsHeader), findsOneWidget);
+    // Titled with its city: two cities can share a township name.
+    expect(find.text('新北市 板橋區'), findsOneWidget);
+
+    await tester.tap(find.text('新北市 板橋區'));
+    await tester.pump();
+
+    expect(store.savedCodes, ['220']);
+    expect(
+      find.descendant(
+        of: find.widgetWithText(ListTile, '新北市 板橋區'),
+        matching: find.byIcon(Icons.star),
+      ),
+      findsOneWidget,
+    );
+  });
+
+  testWidgets('a township hit honours replace and returns to More', (
+    tester,
+  ) async {
+    final store = await _store(['100']);
+    final router = GoRouter(
+      initialLocation: '/?replace=100&returnToMore=1',
+      routes: [
+        GoRoute(
+          path: '/',
+          builder: (_, _) => MultiProvider(
+            providers: [
+              ChangeNotifierProvider<RegionStore>.value(value: store),
+              Provider<TownDirectory>.value(value: _directory),
+            ],
+            child: const RegionSelectPage(),
+          ),
+        ),
+        GoRoute(
+          name: AppRoutes.more,
+          path: '/more',
+          builder: (_, _) => const Text('more'),
+        ),
+      ],
+    );
+    await tester.pumpWidget(
+      MaterialApp.router(
+        localizationsDelegates: AppLocalizations.localizationsDelegates,
+        supportedLocales: AppLocalizations.supportedLocales,
+        locale: const Locale('zh', 'TW'),
+        routerConfig: router,
+      ),
+    );
+
+    await tester.enterText(find.byType(TextField), '吉安');
+    await tester.pump();
+    await tester.tap(find.text('花蓮縣 吉安區'));
+    await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+
+    expect(store.savedCodes, ['973']);
+    expect(find.text('more'), findsOneWidget);
+  });
+
   testWidgets(
     'forwards the constructor replaceCode and returnToMore as query parameters',
     (tester) async {
diff --git a/test/features/map/presentation/layers/rts_layer_eew_push_test.dart b/test/features/map/presentation/layers/rts_layer_eew_push_test.dart
index da6872ff3..c84ddf3ff 100644
--- a/test/features/map/presentation/layers/rts_layer_eew_push_test.dart
+++ b/test/features/map/presentation/layers/rts_layer_eew_push_test.dart
@@ -13,8 +13,11 @@
 /// dropped one is a ring that stops expanding during an earthquake.
 library;
 
+import 'dart:async';
+
 import 'package:dpip/core/error/result.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/geo/town_directory.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/core/platform/render_tier.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/realtime/clock.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/realtime/elapsed.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/realtime/realtime_channel.dart';
@@ -30,6 +33,7 @@ import 'package:dpip/features/earthquake/domain/seismic_station.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/features/earthquake/domain/seismic_travel_time.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/features/earthquake/domain/trem_station_repository.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/features/map/presentation/layers/rts_layer.dart';
+import 'package:fake_async/fake_async.dart';
 import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart' show listEquals;
 import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
 
@@ -53,6 +57,22 @@ class _EewRecordingController extends RecordingMapController {
   }
 }
 
+/// Holds every EEW write open until [gate] completes — a phone whose map takes
+/// longer than a wavefront tick to apply a ring set.
+class _SlowEewController extends _EewRecordingController {
+  Completer<void>? gate;
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> setGeoJsonSource(
+    String sourceId,
+    Map<String, dynamic> geojson, {
+    String? promoteId,
+  }) async {
+    await super.setGeoJsonSource(sourceId, geojson, promoteId: promoteId);
+    if (sourceId == _eewSourceId) await gate?.future;
+  }
+}
+
 class _FakeClock implements Clock {
   _FakeClock(this.current);
   DateTime current;
@@ -142,7 +162,11 @@ Future<
     _FakeElapsed rtsElapsed,
   })
 >
-_build({required List<Eew> alerts, required _FakeElapsed eewElapsed}) async {
+_build({
+  required List<Eew> alerts,
+  required _FakeElapsed eewElapsed,
+  Future<RenderTier>? renderTier,
+}) async {
   final rtsElapsed = _FakeElapsed();
   final rtsChannel = _channel<Rts>(const Rts(), RealtimeConfig.rts, rtsElapsed);
   await rtsChannel.refreshNow();
@@ -165,6 +189,7 @@ _build({required List<Eew> alerts, required _FakeElapsed eewElapsed}) async {
       ),
       boxGrid: Future<RtsBoxGrid>.value(const RtsBoxGrid({})),
       townDirectory: const TownDirectory({}),
+      renderTier: renderTier,
     ),
     eewChannel: eewChannel,
     rtsChannel: rtsChannel,
@@ -295,4 +320,114 @@ void main() {
       );
     },
   );
+
+  group('the wavefront ticker', () {
+    /// Renders a live alert inside [async] and returns the layer, settled.
+    RtsMapLayer attach(
+      FakeAsync async,
+      _EewRecordingController controller, {
+      RenderTier? tier,
+    }) {
+      late RtsMapLayer layer;
+      _build(
+        alerts: [_alert()],
+        eewElapsed: _FakeElapsed(),
+        renderTier: tier == null ? null : Future.value(tier),
+      ).then((built) => layer = built.layer);
+      async.flushMicrotasks();
+      layer.render(controller);
+      async.flushMicrotasks();
+      return layer;
+    }
+
+    test('waits for the previous write instead of queueing behind it', () {
+      fakeAsync((async) {
+        final controller = _SlowEewController();
+        final layer = attach(async, controller);
+
+        final gate = controller.gate = Completer<void>();
+        final before = controller.eewPushes.length;
+        // Fifteen 16 ms ticks while the map is still busy with one write.
+        async.elapse(const Duration(milliseconds: 16 * 15));
+        expect(
+          controller.eewPushes,
+          hasLength(before + 1),
+          reason: 'one write out, and every tick behind it skipped',
+        );
+
+        controller.gate = null;
+        gate.complete();
+        async.flushMicrotasks();
+        async.elapse(const Duration(milliseconds: 16 * 3));
+        expect(
+          controller.eewPushes,
+          hasLength(before + 4),
+          reason: 'once it lands, every tick writes again',
+        );
+        layer.clear(controller);
+        async.flushMicrotasks();
+      });
+    });
+
+    test('treats a write that never answers as lost, not slow', () {
+      fakeAsync((async) {
+        final controller = _SlowEewController();
+        final layer = attach(async, controller);
+
+        controller.gate = Completer<void>(); // never completed
+        final before = controller.eewPushes.length;
+        async.elapse(const Duration(milliseconds: 1100));
+        expect(
+          controller.eewPushes,
+          hasLength(before + 2),
+          reason: 'a lost platform call must not freeze the rings for good',
+        );
+        layer.clear(controller);
+        async.flushMicrotasks();
+      });
+    });
+
+    test('a low-end phone redraws the rings five times a second', () {
+      fakeAsync((async) {
+        final controller = _EewRecordingController();
+        final layer = attach(async, controller, tier: RenderTier.low);
+
+        final before = controller.eewPushes.length;
+        async.elapse(const Duration(seconds: 1));
+        expect(controller.eewPushes, hasLength(before + 5));
+        layer.clear(controller);
+        async.flushMicrotasks();
+      });
+    });
+
+    test('a low-end phone still gives up on a lost write after a second', () {
+      fakeAsync((async) {
+        final controller = _SlowEewController();
+        final layer = attach(async, controller, tier: RenderTier.low);
+
+        controller.gate = Completer<void>(); // never completed
+        final before = controller.eewPushes.length;
+        // A write at 200 ms, five skipped ticks behind it, a write at 1400.
+        async.elapse(const Duration(milliseconds: 1300));
+        expect(controller.eewPushes, hasLength(before + 1));
+        async.elapse(const Duration(milliseconds: 100));
+        expect(controller.eewPushes, hasLength(before + 2));
+        layer.clear(controller);
+        async.flushMicrotasks();
+      });
+    });
+
+    test('writes on every tick while the map keeps up', () {
+      fakeAsync((async) {
+        final controller = _EewRecordingController();
+        final layer = attach(async, controller);
+
+        final before = controller.eewPushes.length;
+        async.elapse(const Duration(milliseconds: 16 * 10));
+        expect(controller.eewPushes, hasLength(before + 10));
+        layer.clear(controller);
+        async.flushMicrotasks();
+      });
+    });
+  });
 }
diff --git a/test/shared/map/map_timeline_test.dart b/test/shared/map/map_timeline_test.dart
index f438f63ca..1718b9560 100644
--- a/test/shared/map/map_timeline_test.dart
+++ b/test/shared/map/map_timeline_test.dart
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import 'package:dpip/shared/map/map_layer.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/shared/map/map_timeline.dart';
 import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart';
 import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
+import 'package:flutter/semantics.dart';
 import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
 
 List<MapFrame> _frames(int n) => [
@@ -494,4 +495,71 @@ void main() {
       expect(tester.takeException(), isNull);
     },
   );
+
+  testWidgets('the ruler is one adjustable slider for a screen reader', (
+    tester,
+  ) async {
+    final semantics = tester.ensureSemantics();
+    final frames = _frames(10);
+    final reported = <int>[];
+    final scrubbing = <bool>[];
+    await tester.pumpWidget(
+      _wrap(
+        frames: frames,
+        selectedIndex: 5,
+        onSelected: reported.add,
+        onScrubbing: scrubbing.add,
+      ),
+    );
+    await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+
+    final slider = find.semantics.byLabel('Timeline');
+    expect(slider, findsOne);
+    // 07:00 + 5 × 10 min. Frame 9 is "now", so frame 5 is history.
+    expect(
+      tester.getSemantics(find.byType(ListView)),
+      isNot(matchesSemantics(label: 'Timeline')),
+      reason: 'the tick labels are excluded, not a second focus target',
+    );
+    final node = slider.evaluate().single;
+    expect(node.getSemanticsData().flagsCollection.isSlider, isTrue);
+    expect(node.value, 'Past 07:50, 2026/07/13');
+    expect(node.increasedValue, 'Past 08:00, 2026/07/13');
+    expect(node.decreasedValue, 'Past 07:40, 2026/07/13');
+
+    tester.semantics.increase(slider);
+    await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+    // Past the scrub's input-quiet window, so it settles.
+    await tester.pump(const Duration(milliseconds: 200));
+    expect(reported.last, 6);
+    expect(slider.evaluate().single.value, 'Past 08:00, 2026/07/13');
+    expect(scrubbing, [
+      true,
+      false,
+    ], reason: 'a step settles like a short fling, so a raster layer loads it');
+
+    tester.semantics.decrease(slider);
+    tester.semantics.decrease(slider);
+    await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+    expect(reported.last, 4);
+    expect(find.text('07:40'), findsWidgets);
+    expect(tester.takeException(), isNull);
+    semantics.dispose();
+  });
+
+  testWidgets('the slider stops at both ends of the frames', (tester) async {
+    final semantics = tester.ensureSemantics();
+    await tester.pumpWidget(
+      _wrap(frames: _frames(3), selectedIndex: 2, onSelected: (_) {}),
+    );
+    await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+
+    final node = find.semantics.byLabel('Timeline').evaluate().single;
+    final data = node.getSemanticsData();
+    expect(node.value, 'Now 07:20, 2026/07/13');
+    expect(data.hasAction(SemanticsAction.increase), isFalse);
+    expect(data.hasAction(SemanticsAction.decrease), isTrue);
+    expect(node.increasedValue, isEmpty);
+    semantics.dispose();
+  });
 }
diff --git a/test/shared/map/wavefront_cadence_test.dart b/test/shared/map/wavefront_cadence_test.dart
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3eafd55dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/shared/map/wavefront_cadence_test.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import 'package:dpip/core/platform/render_tier.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/shared/map/wavefront_cadence.dart';
+import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
+
+void main() {
+  test('a capable phone redraws the rings at about display rate', () {
+    expect(wavefrontTick(RenderTier.high), const Duration(milliseconds: 16));
+  });
+
+  test('a low-end phone redraws them at 5 Hz', () {
+    expect(wavefrontTick(RenderTier.low), const Duration(milliseconds: 200));
+  });
+}
diff --git a/test/shared/widgets/async_view_test.dart b/test/shared/widgets/async_view_test.dart
index 060c6cdae..d4abf0ec9 100644
--- a/test/shared/widgets/async_view_test.dart
+++ b/test/shared/widgets/async_view_test.dart
@@ -2,9 +2,11 @@ import 'dart:async';
 
 import 'package:dpip/core/error/failure.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/core/error/result.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/core/realtime/app_time.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/l10n/gen/app_localizations.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/shared/navigation/refresh_on_appear.dart';
 import 'package:dpip/shared/widgets/async_view.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/shared/widgets/freshness_banner.dart';
 import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
 import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
 
@@ -138,4 +140,87 @@ void main() {
     await tester.pumpAndSettle();
     expect(find.text('v 2'), findsOneWidget);
   });
+
+  group('a saved copy', () {
+    // Ages are built from AppTime, the clock the banner measures them with.
+    testWidgets('renders under a banner with its age, never as current', (
+      tester,
+    ) async {
+      await tester.pumpWidget(
+        _wrap(
+          AsyncView<int>(
+            future: () => Future.value(
+              Ok(
+                5,
+                stale: Staleness(
+                  failure: const NetworkFailure('No connection'),
+                  since: AppTime.utc.subtract(const Duration(minutes: 20)),
+                ),
+              ),
+            ),
+            builder: (_, value) => ListView(children: [Text('v $value')]),
+          ),
+        ),
+      );
+      await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+      expect(find.text('v 5'), findsOneWidget);
+      expect(
+        find.text("Can't connect · showing data from 20 minutes ago"),
+        findsOneWidget,
+      );
+    });
+
+    testWidgets('of unknown age still says it is saved', (tester) async {
+      await tester.pumpWidget(
+        _wrap(
+          AsyncView<int>(
+            future: () => Future.value(
+              const Ok(
+                5,
+                stale: Staleness(failure: NetworkFailure('No connection')),
+              ),
+            ),
+            builder: (_, value) => Text('v $value'),
+          ),
+        ),
+      );
+      await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+      expect(find.text("Can't connect · showing saved data"), findsOneWidget);
+    });
+
+    testWidgets('keeps its banner while a refresh is in flight', (
+      tester,
+    ) async {
+      final refresh = ChangeNotifier();
+      addTearDown(refresh.dispose);
+      var calls = 0;
+      final pending = Completer<Result<int>>();
+      await tester.pumpWidget(
+        _wrap(
+          AsyncView<int>(
+            refreshSignal: refresh,
+            future: () => calls++ == 0
+                ? Future.value(
+                    const Ok(
+                      5,
+                      stale: Staleness(failure: NetworkFailure('down')),
+                    ),
+                  )
+                : pending.future,
+            builder: (_, value) => Text('v $value'),
+          ),
+        ),
+      );
+      await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+      refresh.notifyListeners();
+      await tester.pump();
+      expect(find.text('v 5'), findsOneWidget);
+      expect(find.byType(FreshnessBanner), findsOneWidget);
+
+      pending.complete(const Ok(6));
+      await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+      expect(find.text('v 6'), findsOneWidget);
+      expect(find.byType(FreshnessBanner), findsNothing);
+    });
+  });
 }
diff --git a/test/shared/widgets/freshness_banner_test.dart b/test/shared/widgets/freshness_banner_test.dart
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e0be18810
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/shared/widgets/freshness_banner_test.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+import 'package:dpip/l10n/gen/app_localizations.dart';
+import 'package:dpip/shared/widgets/freshness_banner.dart';
+import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
+import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
+
+void main() {
+  late AppLocalizations en;
+  late AppLocalizations zh;
+
+  setUpAll(() async {
+    en = await AppLocalizations.delegate.load(const Locale('en'));
+    zh = await AppLocalizations.delegate.load(const Locale('zh', 'TW'));
+  });
+
+  String age(AppLocalizations l10n, Duration d) =>
+      FreshnessBanner.ageLabel(l10n, d);
+
+  test('minutes under an hour, never zero', () {
+    expect(age(en, Duration.zero), '1 minute');
+    expect(age(en, const Duration(seconds: 59)), '1 minute');
+    expect(age(en, const Duration(minutes: 59)), '59 minutes');
+    expect(age(zh, const Duration(minutes: 5)), '5 分鐘');
+  });
+
+  test('hours under two days, then days', () {
+    expect(age(en, const Duration(hours: 1)), '1 hour');
+    expect(age(en, const Duration(hours: 47, minutes: 59)), '47 hours');
+    expect(age(en, const Duration(days: 2)), '2 days');
+    expect(age(zh, const Duration(days: 9)), '9 天');
+  });
+
+  test('a clock that moved backwards reads as the minimum', () {
+    expect(age(en, const Duration(minutes: -3)), '1 minute');
+  });
+}