From 00ba5477c85954947705faea4d82913cc4c4fcab Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kyryl R <kyryl.ryabov@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 28 Oct 2026 09:36:58 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] Bound did:key decoding by canonical encoded length

Reject oversized issuers before quadratic base58 decoding. Keep valid Ed25519 identifiers and supported same-length key type handling intact.
---
 crates/core/src/did.rs   | 68 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 crates/relay/src/auth.rs | 19 +++++++++++
 2 files changed, 85 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/core/src/did.rs b/crates/core/src/did.rs
index cb2dc7d..50de849 100644
--- a/crates/core/src/did.rs
+++ b/crates/core/src/did.rs
@@ -9,6 +9,12 @@ const DID_KEY_PREFIX: &str = "did:key:z";
 /// Multicodec prefix for an Ed25519 public key (`ed25519-pub`).
 const ED25519_MULTICODEC: [u8; 2] = [0xed, 0x01];
 
+/// Base58btc length of `ED25519_MULTICODEC || key` for every 32-byte key.
+///
+/// The encoded value lies in `[0xed01 << 256, 0xed02 << 256)`, which is
+/// strictly between `58^46` and `58^47`, so it always has 47 digits.
+const ED25519_ENCODED_LEN: usize = 47;
+
 /// An Ed25519 `did:key` identifier.
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 #[serde(try_from = "String", into = "String")]
@@ -20,6 +26,9 @@ pub enum DidError {
     #[error("not a did:key multibase identifier: {0}")]
     Prefix(String),
 
+    #[error("invalid did:key encoded length: {0}")]
+    EncodedLength(usize),
+
     #[error("invalid base58btc did:key: {0}")]
     Base58(String),
 
@@ -43,6 +52,10 @@ impl DidKey {
         let encoded = input
             .strip_prefix(DID_KEY_PREFIX)
             .ok_or_else(|| DidError::Prefix(input.to_owned()))?;
+        // Checked before decoding, as base58 decoding is quadratic in the input length.
+        if encoded.len() != ED25519_ENCODED_LEN {
+            return Err(DidError::EncodedLength(encoded.len()));
+        }
         let bytes = bs58::decode(encoded)
             .into_vec()
             .map_err(|error| DidError::Base58(error.to_string()))?;
@@ -130,9 +143,22 @@ mod tests {
         ));
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn extreme_keys_have_canonical_length() {
+        // Base58 length is monotonic in the encoded value, so the smallest and
+        // largest keys bound the encoded length of every other key.
+        for bytes in [[0x00; 32], [0xff; 32]] {
+            let key = DidKey::from_ed25519_bytes(bytes);
+            let did = key.to_string();
+            assert_eq!(did.len(), DID_KEY_PREFIX.len() + ED25519_ENCODED_LEN);
+            assert_eq!(DidKey::parse(&did).expect("parse"), key);
+        }
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn rejects_unsupported_multicodec() {
-        let mut bytes = vec![0x00, 0x01];
+        // `x25519-pub` keys have the same encoded length as Ed25519 keys.
+        let mut bytes = vec![0xec, 0x01];
         bytes.extend_from_slice(&[0u8; 32]);
         let did = format!("did:key:z{}", bs58::encode(bytes).into_string());
         assert!(matches!(DidKey::parse(&did), Err(DidError::KeyType)));
@@ -143,7 +169,45 @@ mod tests {
         let mut bytes = ED25519_MULTICODEC.to_vec();
         bytes.extend_from_slice(&[0u8; 31]);
         let did = format!("did:key:z{}", bs58::encode(bytes).into_string());
-        assert!(matches!(DidKey::parse(&did), Err(DidError::Length(31))));
+        assert!(matches!(
+            DidKey::parse(&did),
+            Err(DidError::EncodedLength(46))
+        ));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn rejects_noncanonical_encoded_length() {
+        let encoded = &EXAMPLE[DID_KEY_PREFIX.len()..];
+        for did in [
+            DID_KEY_PREFIX.to_owned(),
+            EXAMPLE[..EXAMPLE.len() - 1].to_owned(),
+            format!("{EXAMPLE}1"),
+            // A leading `1` encodes a leading zero byte.
+            format!("{DID_KEY_PREFIX}1{encoded}"),
+        ] {
+            let len = did.len() - DID_KEY_PREFIX.len();
+            assert!(matches!(
+                DidKey::parse(&did),
+                Err(DidError::EncodedLength(n)) if n == len
+            ));
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn rejects_overlong_input_before_decoding() {
+        // `0` is not in the base58btc alphabet, so decoding would fail with
+        // `Base58` had it run before the length check.
+        let did = format!("{DID_KEY_PREFIX}{}", "0".repeat(ED25519_ENCODED_LEN + 1));
+        assert!(matches!(
+            DidKey::parse(&did),
+            Err(DidError::EncodedLength(48))
+        ));
+
+        let did = format!("{DID_KEY_PREFIX}{}", "z".repeat(4096));
+        assert!(matches!(
+            DidKey::parse(&did),
+            Err(DidError::EncodedLength(4096))
+        ));
     }
 
     #[test]
diff --git a/crates/relay/src/auth.rs b/crates/relay/src/auth.rs
index a00e17f..eb3974f 100644
--- a/crates/relay/src/auth.rs
+++ b/crates/relay/src/auth.rs
@@ -213,6 +213,7 @@ pub(crate) mod test_utils {
 mod tests {
     use super::test_utils::{self, signing_key};
     use super::*;
+    use wallet_session_core::did::DidError;
 
     const AUDIENCE: &str = "wss://relay.example.com";
     const NOW: u64 = 1_700_000_000;
@@ -315,6 +316,24 @@ mod tests {
         ));
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn rejects_overlong_did_key_issuer() {
+        let token = test_utils::raw_token_with_iss(
+            &signing_key(1),
+            &format!("did:key:z{}", "z".repeat(2048)),
+            AUDIENCE,
+            NOW,
+            NOW + 300,
+        );
+        // Under the token cap, so the issuer reaches `did:key` parsing.
+        assert!(token.len() <= MAX_TOKEN_BYTES);
+        let expected = DidError::EncodedLength(2048).to_string();
+        assert!(matches!(
+            Identity::verify_token(&token, AUDIENCE, NOW),
+            Err(IdentityError::Token(error)) if error.to_string().starts_with(&expected)
+        ));
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn rejects_wrong_key_did() {
         let token = test_utils::token_with_iss(